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1 standard
m noun adj invar standard* * *◆ agg. standard, routine (attr.): lavoro standard, routine work; modello, formato standard, standard model, size; prodotto standard, standard product; costi standard, standard costs // (econ.) valore standard, standard value.* * *['standard]1. agg inv2. sm inv* * *['standard]aggettivo e sostantivo maschile invariabile standard* * *standard/'standard/agg. e m.inv.standard. -
2 standard
[ˈstændəd]1. noun1) something used as a basis of measurement:مِعْيارThe kilogram is the international standard of weight.
2) a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved:You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist
مِقْياس، مِعْيار، مُسْتَوىHis performance did not reach the required standard.
3) a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.رايَه2. adjective(accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.نَموذجي، مُوَحَّد، عادي -
3 работа плохого качества
работа плохого качества; брак — defective work
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > работа плохого качества
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4 работа высокого качества
Makarov: work of high standardУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > работа высокого качества
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5 calidad
f.1 quality.un género de (buena) calidad a quality productla relación calidad-precio value (for money)calidad de imagen image qualitycalidad de vida quality of life2 class.3 nature.* * *1 quality2 (cualidad) kind, types3 (condición) rank, capacity\de calidad superior superiorde primera calidad first-classcalidad de vida quality of life* * *noun f.1) quality, grade2) position, status* * *SF1) [de objeto, material, producto] quality; [de servicio] quality, standardhan mejorado la calidad de la enseñanza — they have improved the quality o standard of education, they have raised standards in education
de (buena) calidad — good-quality, quality antes de s
fruta de (buena) calidad — good-quality fruit, quality fruit
de mala calidad — low-quality, poor-quality
2) (=condición) position, statussu calidad de presidente se lo prohíbe — his position o status as president prohibits him from doing so
en calidad de: te lo digo en calidad de amigo — I'm telling you as a friend
3) (Inform)calidad de borrador — draft quality, draft
calidad de carta, calidad de correspondencia — letter quality
* * *1) (de producto, servicio) qualityproductos de mala or baja calidad — poor-quality products
2) ( condición) statusen calidad de — (frml) as
* * *= excellence, quality, calibre [caliber, -USA], standard.Ex. The limits are set by the graininess of the film, the excellence of the optical system, and the efficiency of the light sources employed.Ex. The search profile will only be modified periodically as the quality of the set of notifications output from the search drops to unacceptable levels.Ex. The calibre of the librarian is a medical library's most important resource.Ex. The overall standard of the book stock in particular is causing considerable concern to customers.----* bajar la calidad = lower + standards.* basado en la calidad = quality-oriented.* buena calidad = goodness.* buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.* calidad de la encuadernación = binding quality.* calidad de la imagen = picture quality.* calidad del aire = air quality.* calidad de los servicios = service quality.* calidad del papel = paper quality.* calidad del servicio = service quality.* calidad del sonido = sound quality.* calidad de vida = quality of life.* calidad en el servicio = quality performance, performance quality.* calidad y alcance de, la = quality and extent of, the.* condiciones laborales de calidad = quality of work life (QWL).* con garantías de calidad = quality assured.* controlador de calidad = tester.* control de calidad = quality assurance (QA), quality control.* dar calidad = deliver + value.* de alta calidad = high-quality.* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.* de buena calidad = good-quality.* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.* de gran calidad = high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.* de mala calidad = shabby [shabbier -comp., shabbiest -sup.].* de mediana calidad = in the middle range, medium-quality.* de primera calidad = premium, premier.* de primerísima calidad = top of the line, top-of-the-range.* desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.* de segunda calidad = second-quality, second-best [2nd-best].* disminución de la calidad = lowering of standards.* escribir en calidad de negro = ghost.* evaluación de la calidad = quality assessment.* garantía de calidad = quality assurance (QA).* gestión de calidad total = total quality management (TQM).* gran calidad = high standard.* índice de calidad del aire = air quality index.* la calidad es nuestro lema = quality is our middle name.* mala calidad = badness.* mejorar la calidad = raise + standard, raise + quality.* mejorar la calidad de vida = improve + living standards, raise + living standards.* mejorar + Posesivo + calidad de vida = raise + Posesivo + quality of living.* mejor relación calidad-precio, la = best value for money, the.* que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.* relación calidad-precio = price-performance ratio.* sello de calidad = stamp of quality.* ser de calidad = be up to snuff, be up to scratch.* tiempo de calidad = quality time.* trabajo de calidad = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].* * *1) (de producto, servicio) qualityproductos de mala or baja calidad — poor-quality products
2) ( condición) statusen calidad de — (frml) as
* * *= excellence, quality, calibre [caliber, -USA], standard.Ex: The limits are set by the graininess of the film, the excellence of the optical system, and the efficiency of the light sources employed.
Ex: The search profile will only be modified periodically as the quality of the set of notifications output from the search drops to unacceptable levels.Ex: The calibre of the librarian is a medical library's most important resource.Ex: The overall standard of the book stock in particular is causing considerable concern to customers.* bajar la calidad = lower + standards.* basado en la calidad = quality-oriented.* buena calidad = goodness.* buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.* calidad de la encuadernación = binding quality.* calidad de la imagen = picture quality.* calidad del aire = air quality.* calidad de los servicios = service quality.* calidad del papel = paper quality.* calidad del servicio = service quality.* calidad del sonido = sound quality.* calidad de vida = quality of life.* calidad en el servicio = quality performance, performance quality.* calidad y alcance de, la = quality and extent of, the.* condiciones laborales de calidad = quality of work life (QWL).* con garantías de calidad = quality assured.* controlador de calidad = tester.* control de calidad = quality assurance (QA), quality control.* dar calidad = deliver + value.* de alta calidad = high-quality.* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.* de buena calidad = good-quality.* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.* de gran calidad = high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.* de mala calidad = shabby [shabbier -comp., shabbiest -sup.].* de mediana calidad = in the middle range, medium-quality.* de primera calidad = premium, premier.* de primerísima calidad = top of the line, top-of-the-range.* desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.* de segunda calidad = second-quality, second-best [2nd-best].* disminución de la calidad = lowering of standards.* escribir en calidad de negro = ghost.* evaluación de la calidad = quality assessment.* garantía de calidad = quality assurance (QA).* gestión de calidad total = total quality management (TQM).* gran calidad = high standard.* índice de calidad del aire = air quality index.* la calidad es nuestro lema = quality is our middle name.* mala calidad = badness.* mejorar la calidad = raise + standard, raise + quality.* mejorar la calidad de vida = improve + living standards, raise + living standards.* mejorar + Posesivo + calidad de vida = raise + Posesivo + quality of living.* mejor relación calidad-precio, la = best value for money, the.* que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.* relación calidad-precio = price-performance ratio.* sello de calidad = stamp of quality.* ser de calidad = be up to snuff, be up to scratch.* tiempo de calidad = quality time.* trabajo de calidad = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].* * *A (de un producto, servicio) qualityun artículo de primera calidad a top-quality productun vino de calidad superior a superior winecontrol de calidad quality controles una obra de calidad it is a work of high qualityCompuesto:quality of lifeB (condición) statuslos documentos que certifiquen su calidad de estudiante the documents that prove you are a student o that prove your student statusen calidad de ( frml): asistió a la reunión en calidad de observador he attended the meeting as an observeren su calidad de presidente electo in his capacity as president electel dinero que recibió en calidad de préstamo the money he received as a loan* * *
calidad sustantivo femenino
1 (de producto, servicio) quality;
productos de mala calidad poor-quality products;
calidad de vida quality of life
2 ( condición):
en su calidad de presidente in his capacity as president
calidad sustantivo femenino quality
♦ Locuciones: de calidad, high quality
de mala calidad, poor quality
de primera calidad, first-class
en calidad de, as: asistió al juicio en calidad de testigo, he appeared at the trial as a witness
' calidad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
categoría
- como
- concepto
- condición
- control
- cutre
- desastre
- excepcional
- extra
- fina
- fino
- gratuidad
- grosera
- grosero
- índice
- inferior
- ínfima
- ínfimo
- inigualable
- lindeza
- lisura
- media
- mediana
- mediano
- medio
- primera
- primero
- proporción
- santidad
- singularidad
- telebasura
- test
- timo
- tintorro
- voto
- acreditar
- alto
- bajar
- bajo
- bien
- competir
- de
- decaer
- degradar
- desigual
- elevado
- insuperable
- intermedio
- ir
- loza
English:
absence
- adequate
- appalling
- capacity
- decline
- dodgy
- excellence
- fine
- grade
- high-end
- letter-quality
- membership
- money
- order
- par
- passable
- pathetic
- poor
- prime
- produce
- property
- quality
- quality control
- raise
- ropey
- ropy
- second-class
- shoddiness
- shoddy
- slip
- standard
- substandard
- superior
- third-rate
- top
- touch
- trashy
- unbeatable
- uneven
- up to
- value
- variable
- world-class
- advisory
- high-
- high
- inferior
- low
- second
* * *calidad nf1. [de producto, servicio] quality;una casa de calidad a luxury house;una edición de calidad a deluxe edition;un género de (buena) calidad a quality product;de primerísima calidad highest quality;una buena relación calidad-precio good value (for money)Informát calidad borrador draft quality;calidad de imagen image quality;calidad de vida quality of life2. [clase] classacudió en calidad de testigo he was present as a witness;fue contratado en calidad de experto jurídico he was employed as a legal expert;no le revisan el equipaje por su calidad de diplomático his luggage isn't searched due to his diplomatic status* * *f1 quality;de primera calidad top-quality atr ;de calidad inferior, de baja calidad poor-quality atr ;de calidad superior superior-quality atr, high-quality atr2:en calidad de médico as a doctor* * *calidad nf1) : quality, grade2) : position, status3)en calidad de : as, in the capacity of* * * -
6 Niveau
[ni’vo:] n; -s, -s1. auch von Preisen etc.: level2. (Bildungsniveau etc.) level, standard; unter dem Niveau not up to standard (umg. scratch); Niveau haben Person: have class ( oder style), ein hohes Niveau haben be of a high standard, be on a high level; kein Niveau haben Person: have no culture, be (totally) uncultured; der Film etc. hat kein Niveau it’s a very ordinary ( oder mediocre) film etc.; jemand von deinem Niveau someone of your calib|re (Am. -er); es ist unter seinem Niveau it’s not his level; stärker: it’s beneath him (iro. auch his dignity); das Niveau senken lower the level* * *das Niveaulevel; standard; plane* * *Ni|veau [ni'voː]nt -s, -s (lit, fig)levelauf gleichem Niveau liegen — to be on the same level
intelligenzmäßig steht er auf dem Niveau eines Dreijährigen — he has the mental age of a three-year-old
diese Schule hat ein hohes Niveau — this school has high standards
seine Arbeit hat ein sehr schlechtes Niveau — the level or standard of his work is very poor
Niveau/kein/wenig Niveau haben — to be of a high/low/fairly low standard; (Mensch) to be cultured/not at all/not very cultured
ein Hotel mit Niveau — a hotel with class
* * *(height, position, strength, rank etc: The level of the river rose; a high level of intelligence.) level* * *Ni·veau<-s, -s>[niˈvo:]nt\Niveau haben to have classkein \Niveau haben to be lowbrow [or primitive]der Film/die Unterhaltung hatte wenig \Niveau the film/conversation was not very intellectually stimulatingmit \Niveau of high intellect pred, intellectually stimulatingsie ist eine sehr gebildete Frau mit \Niveau she is a well-educated woman of high intellectes war ein Gespräch mit \Niveau it was an intellectually stimulating conversationunterhalte dich doch nicht mit solchen Proleten, das ist doch unter deinem \Niveau don't talk to such peasants — it's beneath youunter \Niveau below parer blieb mit diesem Buch unter seinem [üblichen] \Niveau this book was below par, this book wasn't up to his usual standard2. (Stand) level3. (Höhe einer Fläche) level* * *das; Niveaus, Niveaus1) leveler hat wenig Niveau — he is not very cultured or knowledgeable
2) (QualitätsNiveau) standard* * *1. auch von Preisen etc: level2. (Bildungsniveau etc) level, standard;unter dem Niveau not up to standard (umg scratch);ein hohes Niveau haben be of a high standard, be on a high level;der Film etcjemand von deinem Niveau someone of your calibre (US -er);das Niveau senken lower the level* * *das; Niveaus, Niveaus1) leveler hat wenig Niveau — he is not very cultured or knowledgeable
2) (QualitätsNiveau) standard* * *-s n.level n. -
7 wysoki
high; (człowiek, drzewo, szklanka) tall; ( urzędnik) high(-ranking); (głos, ton) high(-pitched)wysoki na 2 metry — 2 metres (BRIT) lub meters (US) high
* * *a.1. (= wyróżniający się wysokością) tall; (o chłopaku, dziewczynie, domu, kominie, górze) tall; ( o fali) tall, big; ( o obcasach) high; za wysokie progi na twoje nogi you were born on the wrong side of the tracks.2. (= mający wymiar od podstawy do wierzchołka) tall; wyższy ode mnie o dziesięć centymetrów he's ten centimeters taller than me; dom wysoki na trzy piętra a three storey house.3. (= położony powyżej czegoś) high; (o pułapie chmur, locie) high; wyższe partie gór higher parts of the mountains; spotkanie na najwyższym szczeblu top-level meeting; samogłoska wysoka fon. high vowel; wysoki poziom kandydatów high level of knowledge of the candidates; w najwyższym stopniu in the highest degree; wysokie mniemanie o sobie good l. high opinion of o.s.; dzieło wysokiego lotu high-class work, high-standard work.4. (= znaczny) high, heavy; (o cenach, stawkach, cłach, ciśnieniu) high; wysoka stawka ( w grze hazardowej) high stakes; ( o cłach) heavy; najwyższy wymiar kary prawn. capital punishment; wysokie napięcie el. high voltage; strefa wysokiego ciśnienia meteor. high-pressure area; najwyższy czas it's high l. about time.5. (= mający duże znaczenie) high; (o ocenie, nocie, gatunku, odznaczeniu, randze, urzędniku, instancji) high; wysoka stopa życiowa ekon. high standard of living, high living standard; Wysoki Sądzie! Your Honor!; Wysoka Izbo! polit. Honorable Members!; Wysoka Rado! uniw. Honorable Members!; szkoła wyższa institution of higher learning; wyższe wykształcenie college l. university education; stopień wyższy gram. comparative; stopień najwyższy gram. superlative; izba wyższa polit. upper chamber l. house; siła wyższa force majeure; to wyższa szkoła jazdy it's the big league, that's a whole different ball game.6. (o dźwięku, o głosie) high(-pitched); (o tonie, tenorze, sopranie) acute.7. lit. (= wzniosły) superior, lofty, exalted; instytucja wyższej użyteczności high utility (institution); powołany do wyższych celów called for some higher purposes.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > wysoki
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8 niveau
1. masculine nouna. level• il faut se mettre au niveau des enfants you have to put yourself on the same level as the children• le euro a atteint son niveau le plus haut depuis trois ans the euro has reached its highest point for three yearsb. [de connaissances, études] standard• les préparatifs de passage à l'euro au niveau de l'entreprise preparations at company level for adopting the euroc. ( = instrument) level ; ( = jauge) gauge2. compounds* * *pl niveaux nivo nom masculin1) ( hauteur) levelniveau de l'eau/d'huile — water/oil level
au niveau du cou — [blessures] in the neck region
2) ( étage) storey GB, story USbâtiment sur deux niveaux — two-storey GB ou two-story US building
3) ( degré) ( d'intelligence) level; ( de connaissances) standard‘niveau bac + 3’ — baccalaureate or equivalent plus 3 years' higher education
de haut niveau — [athlète] top (épith); [candidat] high-calibre [BrE] (épith)
4) ( échelon) levelau plus haut niveau — [discussion] top-level (épith)
les négociations se dérouleront au plus haut niveau — there will be negotiations at the highest level
5) Linguistique register6) ( instrument) level•Phrasal Verbs:* * *nivoniveaux pl nm1) (spatialement, d'un taux) levelLe niveau de l'eau a baissé. — The water level has gone down.
2) (= étage) level3) (qualitatif) levelCes deux enfants n'ont pas le même niveau. — These two children aren't at the same level.
au niveau de (personne, travail) — on a level with
4) [programme, enseignement] standardavoir le niveau bac + 2 — to have the baccalauréat plus 2 years' higher education
5) (= outil) level* * *1 ( hauteur) level; niveau de l'eau/d'huile water/oil level; au niveau du sol/de la chaussée at ground/street level; être de niveau to be level; mettre de niveau to make [sth] level; dix mètres au-dessus/au-dessous du niveau de la mer ten metresGB above/below sea level; être au même niveau que to be level with; arrivé au niveau du car when he drew level with the coach GB ou bus; l'eau nous arrivait au niveau des chevilles/genoux the water came up to our ankles/knees; au niveau du cou/de l'abdomen [blessures] in the neck/abdominal region; accroc au niveau du genou tear at the knee;3 ( degré) ( d'intelligence) level; ( de connaissances) standard; niveau culturel/intellectuel cultural/intellectual level; niveau d'éducation/de formation standard of education/of training; niveau bac○ baccalaureate or equivalent; ‘niveau bac + 3’ baccalaureate or equivalent plus 3 years' higher education; au-dessous du niveau exigé pour below the required standard for; niveau de production/d'inflation level of production/of inflation; d'un bon niveau of a good standard; mettre à niveau Ordinat to upgrade; mise à niveau Ordinat upgrade; remise à niveau ( d'élève) recap, refresher; remettre qn à niveau to bring sb up to the required standard; se mettre au niveau de qn to put oneself on the same level as sb; de haut niveau [équipe, athlète] top ( épith); [candidat] high-calibreGB ( épith); niveau des revenus/salaires income/wage levels (pl);4 ( échelon) level; à tous les niveaux at every level; au niveau national/européen at national/European level; au plus haut niveau [discussion, intervention] top-level ( épith); les négociations se dérouleront au plus haut niveau there will be negotiations at the highest level; au niveau de la commercialisation/des investissements controv as regards marketing/investment;5 Ling register; niveau familier/soutenu informal/formal register;6 Tech ( instrument) level.niveau (à bulle d'air) spirit level; niveau de langue Ling register; niveau à lunette theodolite; niveau de maçon mason's level; niveau de rémunération wage level; niveau social social status; niveau sonore Audio sound level; niveau de vie Écon standard of living, living standards.( pluriel masculin niveaux) [nivo] nom masculin1. [hauteur] levelfixer les étagères au même niveau que la cheminée put up the shelves level with ou on the same level as the mantelpiece3. [degré] levella natalité n'est jamais tombée à un niveau aussi bas the birth rate is at an all-time low ou at its lowest level ever4. [étape] level, stage5. [qualité] level, standardj'ai un bon niveau/un niveau moyen en russe I'm good/average at Russianles élèves sont tous du même niveau the pupils are all on a par ou on the same level6. GÉOGRAPHIE level11. [instrument] level (tube)————————au niveau locution adjectivaledans deux mois, vous serez au niveau in two months' time you'll have caught up————————au niveau locution adverbiale————————au niveau de locution prépositionnelle1. [dans l'espace]au niveau du carrefour vous tournez à droite when you come to the crossroads, turn right————————de niveau locution adjectivalela terrasse est de niveau avec le salon the terrace is (on a) level with ou on the same level as the lounge -
9 alto
adj.1 tall, elevated, high-rise.2 high, upland.3 tall.4 high, steep.Precios altos High (steep) prices5 loud.6 lofty.adv.1 loudly, aloud, high up.2 high, in a high position.intj.stop, hold everything, halt, hold it.m.1 height.2 stop, halt, interruption, pause.3 hill, top of the hill, height.4 upper floor.5 high point, high, maximum.6 Alto.* * *► adjetivo1 (persona, edificio, árbol) tall2 (montaña, pared, techo, precio) high3 (elevado) top, upper4 (importancia) high, top5 (voz, sonido) loud1 high (up)2 (voz) loud, loudly■ ¿podrías hablar más alto? could you speak a bit louder?1 (altura) height2 (elevación) hill, high ground\a altas horas de la noche late at nighten lo alto de on the top ofpasar por alto to pass overpor todo lo alto figurado in a grand waytirando alto figurado at the mostalta cocina haute cuisinealta sociedad high societyalta tecnología high technologyaltas presiones high pressure singalto horno blast furnace————————► adverbio1 high (up)2 (voz) loud, loudly■ ¿podrías hablar más alto? could you speak a bit louder?1 (altura) height2 (elevación) hill, high ground————————1 (parada) stop1 halt! (policía) stop!\dar el alto a alguien MILITAR to order somebody to haltalto el fuego cease-fire* * *1. (f. - alta)adj.1) tall2) high3) loud2. adv.1) high2) loudly3. noun m.1) height2) halt, stop* * *I1. ADJ1) [en altura]a) [edificio, persona] tall; [monte] high•
jersey de cuello alto — polo neck jumper, turtleneckmar I, 1)•
zapatos de tacón o Cono Sur, Perú taco alto — high-heeled shoes, high heelsb)• lo alto, una casa en lo alto de la cuesta — a house on top of the hill
•
lanzar algo de o desde lo alto — to throw sth down, throw sth down from abovepor todo lo alto —
2) [en nivel] [grado, precio, riesgo] high; [clase, cámara] upperla marea estaba alta — it was high tide, the tide was in
•
alto/a comisario/a — High Commissioner•
alta costura — high fashion, haute couture•
alto/a ejecutivo/a — top executive•
alta escuela — (Hípica) dressage•
alta fidelidad — high fidelity, hi-fi•
alto funcionario — senior official, high-ranking official•
oficiales de alta graduación — senior officers, high-ranking officers•
altos mandos — senior officers, high-ranking officers•
de altas miras, es un chico de altas miras — he is a boy of great ambition•
alta presión — (Téc, Meteo) high pressure•
temporada alta — high season•
alta tensión — high tension, high voltageAlta Velocidad Española — Esp name given to high speed train system
3) [en intensidad]4) [en el tiempo]5) [estilo] lofty, elevated6) (=revuelto)7) (Geog) upper8) (Mús) [nota] sharp; [instrumento, voz] alto9) ( Hist, Ling) high2. ADV1) (=arriba) high2) (=en voz alta)hablar alto — (=en voz alta) to speak loudly; (=con franqueza) to speak out, speak out frankly
¡más alto, por favor! — louder, please!
volarpensar (en) alto — to think out loud, think aloud
3. SM1) (=altura)mide 1,80 de alto — he is 1.80 metres tall
•
en alto, coloque los pies en alto — put your feet upcon las manos en alto — [en atraco, rendición] with one's hands up; [en manifestación] with one's hands in the air
dejar algo en alto —
el resultado deja muy en alto su reputación como el mejor del mundo — the result has boosted his reputation as the best in the world
estas cosas dejan en alto el buen nombre de un país — these things contribute to maintaining the country's good name
2) (Geog) hill3) (Arquit) upper floor4) (Mús) alto5)6)• pasar por alto — [+ detalle, problema] to overlook
7) Chile [de ropa, cartas] pile8) Chile [de tela] length9)II1. SM1) (=parada) stop•
dar el alto a algn — to order sb to halt, stop sba este bar vienen los camioneros que hacen un alto en el camino — the lorry drivers stop off at this bar on the way
hicieron un alto en el trabajo para comer un bocadillo — they took a break from work to eat a sandwich
alto el fuego — Esp ceasefire
2) (Aut) (=señal) stop sign; (=semáforo) lights pl2.EXCL¡alto! — halt!, stop!
¡alto ahí! — stop there!
¡alto el fuego! — cease fire!
* * *I- ta adjetivo1)a) [ser] <persona/edificio/árbol> tall; <pared/montaña> highzapatos de tacones altos or (AmS) de taco alto — high-heeled shoes
b) [ESTAR]2) (indicando posición, nivel)a) [ser] highb) [estar]la marea está alta — it's high tide, the tide's in
eso dejó en alto su buen nombre — (CS) that really boosted his reputation
en lo alto de la montaña/de un árbol — high up on the mountainside/in a tree
3) (en cantidad, calidad) hightiene la tensión or presión alta — she has high blood pressure
4)a) [estar] ( en intensidad) <volumen/televisión> loudb)en alto or en voz alta — aloud, out loud
5) (delante del n) (en importancia, trascendencia) <ejecutivo/funcionario> high-ranking, top6) (delante del n) <ideales/opinión> high7) (delante del n)a) (Ling) highb) (Geog) upper•- alta marII1) <volar/subir> high2) < hablar> loud, loudlyIIIpasar por alto — ver pasar I 6)
interjección halt!IValto (ahí)! — (Mil) halt!; ( dicho por un policía) stop!, stay where you are!
1)a) ( altura)b) ( en el terreno) high ground2)a) ( de edificio) top floorviven en un alto — they live in a top floor apartment o (BrE) flat
3)a) (parada, interrupción)b) (Méx) (Auto)pasarse el alto — ( un semáforo) to run the red light (AmE), to jump the lights (BrE); ( un stop) to go through the stop sign
4) (Chi fam) ( de cosas) pile, heap* * *I- ta adjetivo1)a) [ser] <persona/edificio/árbol> tall; <pared/montaña> highzapatos de tacones altos or (AmS) de taco alto — high-heeled shoes
b) [ESTAR]2) (indicando posición, nivel)a) [ser] highb) [estar]la marea está alta — it's high tide, the tide's in
eso dejó en alto su buen nombre — (CS) that really boosted his reputation
en lo alto de la montaña/de un árbol — high up on the mountainside/in a tree
3) (en cantidad, calidad) hightiene la tensión or presión alta — she has high blood pressure
4)a) [estar] ( en intensidad) <volumen/televisión> loudb)en alto or en voz alta — aloud, out loud
5) (delante del n) (en importancia, trascendencia) <ejecutivo/funcionario> high-ranking, top6) (delante del n) <ideales/opinión> high7) (delante del n)a) (Ling) highb) (Geog) upper•- alta marII1) <volar/subir> high2) < hablar> loud, loudlyIIIpasar por alto — ver pasar I 6)
interjección halt!IValto (ahí)! — (Mil) halt!; ( dicho por un policía) stop!, stay where you are!
1)a) ( altura)b) ( en el terreno) high ground2)a) ( de edificio) top floorviven en un alto — they live in a top floor apartment o (BrE) flat
3)a) (parada, interrupción)b) (Méx) (Auto)pasarse el alto — ( un semáforo) to run the red light (AmE), to jump the lights (BrE); ( un stop) to go through the stop sign
4) (Chi fam) ( de cosas) pile, heap* * *alto11 = stop.Ex: It is certainly no accident that in Finland, a country that circulates an average of 17 books per capita per year through 1500 public libraries and 18,000 mobile-library stops, its public libraries are supported by both national and local monies.
* alto del fuego = cease-fire.* alto en el camino = stopover.* echar por alto = bungle.* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], gloss over, miss, obviate, overlook, short-circuit [shortcircuit], skip over, leapfrog, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by, flout, close + the door on, skip.* pasar por alto la autoridad de Alguien = go over + Posesivo + head.* pasar por alto rápidamente = race + past.* un alto en el camino = a stop on the road, a pit stop on the road.alto22 = alto.Ex: The simultaneous interweaving of several melodic lines (usually four: soprano, alto, tenor, bass) in a musical composition is known as polyphony.
alto33 = height.Ex: For a monograph the height of the book is normally given, in centimetres.
* altos y bajos = highs and lows, peaks and valleys.* celebrar por todo lo alto = make + a song and dance about.* con la frente en alto = stand + tall.* en lo alto = on top.* en lo alto de = on top of, atop.* poner los pies en alto = put + Posesivo + feet up.alto44 = heavy [heavier -comp., heaviest -sup.], high [higher -comp., highest -sup.], superior, tall [taller -comp., tallest -sup.], hefty [heftier -comp., heftiest -sup.].Ex: In fact, the area was well served by a very good neighbourhood advice centre which had a heavy workload of advice and information-giving.
Ex: Lower specificity will be associated with lower precision but high recall.Ex: Superior cataloguing may result, since more consistency and closer adherence to standard codes are likely to emerge with cataloguers who spend all of their time cataloguing, than with a librarian who tackles cataloguing as one of various professional tasks.Ex: Occasionally, however, a differently shaped pyramid -- either taller or shorter, is more appropriate.Ex: Research publication had to adopt the same economic model as trade publication, and research libraries the world over paid the hefty price = Las publicaciones científicas tuvieron que adoptar el mismo modelo económico que las publicaciones comerciales y las bibliotecas universitarias de todo el mundo pagaron un precio elevado.* a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.* a altas horas de la noche = late at night.* alcanzar cotas más altas = raise to + greater heights.* alta burguesía, la = gentry, the.* alta cocina = haute cuisine.* alta costura = haute couture.* Alta Edad Media, la = Early Middle Ages, the, High Middle Ages, the, Dark Ages, the.* alta intensidad = high-rate.* alta mar = high seas, the.* alta posición = high estate.* alta productividad = high yield.* alta resolución = high resolution.* altas esferas del poder, las = echelons of power, the.* altas esferas, las = corridors of power, the.* alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology, hi-tech.* alta traición = high treason.* alta velocidad = high-rate.* alto cargo = senior post, top official, senior position, top person [top people, -pl.], top executive, top position, senior manager, senior executive, high official, top manager, senior official.* alto cargo público = senior public official.* alto comisario = high commissioner.* alto dignatario = high official.* alto en fibras = high-fibre.* alto funcionario = high official.* alto horno = blast furnace.* alto nivel = high standard.* alto precio = costliness.* alto rendimiento = high yield.* alto riesgo = high stakes.* altos cargos = people in high office.* alto y débil = spindly [spindlier -comp., spindliest -sup.].* alto y delgado = spindly [spindlier -comp., spindliest -sup.].* amontonarse muy alto = be metres high.* apuntar muy alto = reach for + the stars, shoot for + the stars.* a un alto nivel = high level [high-level].* cada vez más alto = constantly rising, steadily rising, steadily growing.* clase alta = upper class.* con un nivel de estudios alto = well educated [well-educated].* cuando la marea está alta = at high tide.* de alta alcurnia = well-born.* de alta cuna = well-born.* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.* de alta potencia = high power.* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.* de alta tecnología = high-technology.* de alta tensión = heavy-current.* de alta velocidad = high-speed.* de alto abolengo = well-born.* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.* de alto nivel = high level [high-level], high-powered.* de alto rango = highly placed.* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.* de la gama alta = high-end.* edificio alto = high-rise building.* en alta mar = on the high seas.* explosivo de alta potencia = high explosive.* fijar precios altos = price + high.* física de altas energías = high energy physics.* forma de la curva estadística en su valor más alto = peak-shape.* frente de altas presiones = ridge of high pressure.* línea de alta tensión = power line.* llevar a cotas más altas = raise to + greater heights, take + Nombre + to greater heights.* mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.* marea alta = high tide.* música de alta fidelidad = hi-fi music.* pagar un precio alto por Algo = pay + a premium price for.* persecución en coche a alta velocidad = high-speed chase.* persona de altos vuelos = high flyer [high flier, -USA].* persona de la alta sociedad = socialite.* poner un precio a Algo muy alto = overprice.* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.* quimioterapia de altas dosis = high-dose chemotherapy.* reparador de estructuras altas = steeplejack.* ser muy alto = be metres high.* sistema de altas presiones = high-pressure system, ridge of high pressure.* temporada alta = high season.* tener un alto contenido de = be high in.* unaprobabilidad muy alta = a sporting chance.* un + Nombre + a altas horas de la noche = a late night + Nombre.alto55 = loud [louder -comp., loudest -sup.].Ex: Visitors would be surprised by the loud creaking and groaning of the presses as the timbers gave and rubbed against each other.
* decir en voz alta = say + out loud, say in + a loud voice.* en voz alta = loudly, out loud.* hablar alto = be loud.* hablar en voz alta = talk in + a loud voice.* leer en voz alta = read + aloud, read + out loud.* pensar en voz alta = think + out loud.* sonido alto = loud noise.* * *A1 [ SER] ‹persona/edificio/árbol› tall; ‹pared/montaña› highzapatos de tacones altos or ( AmS) de taco alto high-heeled shoeses más alto que su hermano he's taller than his brotheruna blusa de cuello alto a high-necked blouse2 [ ESTAR]:¡qué alto estás! haven't you grown!mi hija está casi tan alta como yo my daughter's almost as tall as me now o almost my height nowB (indicando posición, nivel)1 [ SER] highlos techos eran muy altos the rooms had very high ceilingsun vestido de talle alto a high-waisted dress2 [ ESTAR]:ese cuadro está muy alto that picture's too highponlo más alto para que los niños no alcancen put it higher up so that the children can't reachel río está muy alto the river is very highla marea está alta it's high tide, the tide's inlos pisos más altos del edificio the top floors of the buildingsalgan con los brazos en alto come out with your hands up o with your hands in the aireso deja muy en alto su buen nombre (CS); that has really boosted his reputationúltimamente están con or tienen la moral bastante alta they've been in pretty high spirits lately, their morale has been pretty high recentlya pesar de haber perdido, ha sabido mantener alto el espíritu he's managed to keep his spirits up despite losingDios te está mirando allá en lo alto God is watching you from on highhabían acampado en lo alto de la montaña they had camped high up on the mountainsideen lo alto del árbol high up in the tree, at the top of the treepor todo lo alto in stylecelebraron su triunfo por todo lo alto they celebrated their victory in styleuna boda por todo lo alto a lavish weddingC (en cantidad, calidad) hightiene la tensión or presión alta she has high blood pressurecereales de alto contenido en fibra high-fiber cerealsha pagado un precio muy alto por su irreflexión he has paid a very high price for his rashnessproductos de alta calidad high-quality products[ S ] imprescindible alto dominio del inglés good knowledge of English essentialel nivel es bastante alto en este colegio the standard is quite high in this schoolel alto índice de participación en las elecciones the high turnout in the electionsembarazo de alto riesgo high-risk pregnancytirando por lo alto at the most, at the outsidetirando por lo alto costará unas 200 libras it will cost about 200 pounds at the most o at the outsideD1 [ ESTAR] (en intensidad) ‹volumen/radio/televisión› loudpon la radio más alta turn the radio up¡qué alta está la televisión! the television is so loud!2en voz alta or en alto aloud, out loudestaba pensando en voz alta I was thinking aloud o out loudE ( delante del n) (en importancia, trascendencia) ‹ejecutivo/dirigente/funcionario› high-ranking, topun militar de alto rango a high-ranking army officeruno de los más altos ejecutivos de la empresa one of the company's top executivesconversaciones de alto nivel high-level talksF ( delante del n) ‹ideales› hightiene un alto sentido del deber she has a strong sense of dutyes el más alto honor de mi vida it is the greatest honor I have ever hadtiene un alto concepto or una alta opinión de ti he has a high opinion of you, he thinks very highly of youG ( delante del n)1 ( Ling) highel alto alemán High German2 ( Geog) upperel alto Aragón upper Aragonel Alto Paraná the Upper ParanáCompuestos:feminine upper-middle classes (pl)feminine haute cuisinefeminine high comedyfeminine haute couture, high fashionfeminine high definitionde or en altoa definición high-definition ( before n)feminine High Middle Ages (pl)feminine dressagefeminine high fidelity, hi-fifeminine high frequency● alta marmasculine or feminine el pesquero fue apresado en (el or la) altoa mar the trawler was seized on the high sea(s)se hundió cerca de la costa y no en (el or la) altoa mar it sank near the coast and not on the open sea o not out at seala flota de altoa mar the deep-sea fleetfeminine hairstylingfpl upper echelons (pl)fpl:las altoas finanzas high financefeminine high societyfpl high pressureun sistema de altoas presiones a high-pressure systemfeminine high technologyfeminine high tension o voltagefeminine high treason● alto comisario, alta comisariamasculine, feminine high commissioner● alto comisionado or comisariadomasculine high commissionmasculine blast furnacemasculine high-ranking officermasculine high relief, alto relievomasculine high voltage o tensionalto2A ‹volar/subir/tirar› hightírala más alto throw it higherB ‹hablar› loud, loudlyhabla más alto que no te oigo can you speak up a little o speak a bit louder, I can't hear youalto3halt!¡alto (ahí)! (dicho por un centinela) halt!; (dicho por un policía) stop!, stay where you are!¡alto ahí! ¡eso sí que no estoy dispuesto a aceptarlo! hold on! I'm not taking that!¡alto el fuego! cease fire!Compuesto:alto4A1(altura): de alto highun muro de cuatro metros de alto a four-meter high walltiene tres metros de alto por dos de ancho it's three meters high by two wide2 (en el terreno) high groundsiempre se edificaban en un alto they were always built on high groundB1 (de un edificio) top floorviven en un alto they live in a top floor apartment o ( BrE) flatviven en los altos del taller they live above the workshopC(parada, interrupción): hacer un alto to stophicieron un alto en el camino para almorzar they stopped off o they stopped on the way for lunchdar el alto a algn ( Mil) to stop sb, to order sb to halt1 (señal de pare) stop signpasarse el alto to go through the stop sign2 (semáforo) stoplightE2 ( Chi) (cantidad de tela) length* * *
alto 1◊ -ta adjetivo
1
‹pared/montaña› high;
b) [ESTAR]:◊ ¡qué alto estás! haven't you grown!;
está tan alta como yo she's as tall as me now
2 (indicando posición, nivel)a) [ser] high;
b) [estar]:
la marea está alta it's high tide;
los pisos más altos the top floors;
salgan con los brazos en alto come out with your hands in the air;
con la moral bastante alta in pretty high spirits;
en lo alto de la montaña high up on the mountainside;
en lo alto del árbol high up in the tree;
por todo lo alto in style
3 (en cantidad, calidad) high;
productos de alta calidad high-quality products;
tirando por lo alto at the most
4
5 ( delante del n)
c) ( en nombres compuestos)◊ alta burguesía sustantivo femenino
upper-middle classes (pl);
alta costura sustantivo femenino
haute couture;
alta fidelidad sustantivo femenino
high fidelity, hi-fi;
alta mar sustantivo femenino: en alta mar on the high seas;
flota/pesca de alta mar deep-sea fleet/fishing;
alta sociedad sustantivo femenino
high society;
alta tensión sustantivo femenino
high tension o voltage;
alto cargo sustantivo masculino ( puesto) high-ranking position;
( persona) high-ranking official;◊ alto mando sustantivo masculino
high-ranking officer
alto 2 adverbio
1 ‹volar/subir› high
2 ‹ hablar› loud, loudly;
alto 3 interjección
halt!;◊ ¡alto el fuego! cease fire!
alto 4 sustantivo masculino
1a) ( altura)
tiene tres metros de alto it's three meters high
2a) (parada, interrupción):
alto el fuego (Esp) (Mil) cease-fireb) (Méx) (Auto):
( un stop) to go through the stop sign
alto,-a 2
I adjetivo
1 (que tiene altura: edificio, persona, ser vivo) tall
2 (elevado) high
3 (sonido) loud
en voz alta, aloud, in a loud voice
(tono) high-pitched
4 (precio, tecnología) high
alta tensión, high tension
5 (antepuesto al nombre: de importancia) high-ranking, high-level: es una reunión de alto nivel, it's a high-level meeting
alta sociedad, high society ➣ Ver nota en aloud II sustantivo masculino
1 (altura) height: ¿cómo es de alto?, how tall/high is it?
2 (elevación del terreno) hill
III adverbio
1 high, high up
2 (sonar, hablar, etc) loud, loudly: ¡más alto, por favor!, louder, please!
tienes que poner el horno más alto, you must turn the oven up ➣ Ver nota en high
♦ Locuciones: la boda se celebró por todo lo alto, the wedding was celebrated in style
alto 1 sustantivo masculino (interrupción) stop, break
' alto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alta
- así
- barrio
- caer
- colmo
- cómo
- ella
- fuerte
- horno
- listón
- medir
- media
- monte
- ojo
- pasar
- relativamente
- riesgo
- superior
- suprimir
- suspender
- tacón
- tono
- última
- último
- vida
- vocinglera
- vocinglero
- buzo
- contralto
- cuello
- funcionario
- grande
- hablar
- imaginar
- individuo
- lo
- nivel
- redondear
- saltar
- salto
- subir
- taco
- tanto
- todo
- torre
English:
above
- aloud
- alto
- arch
- atop
- blast-furnace
- brass
- ceasefire
- discount
- foreigner
- gloss over
- halt
- height
- high
- high-end
- high-level
- high-powered
- inflated
- labour-intensive
- laugh
- lifestyle
- loud
- omission
- overhead
- overlook
- pass down
- pass over
- peak
- polo neck
- second
- senior
- short
- sing up
- small
- soar
- speak up
- stop
- tall
- top
- top-level
- top-secret
- topmost
- tree-house
- turtleneck
- unemployment
- up
- upper
- uppermost
- world
- aloft
* * *alto, -a♦ adj1. [persona, árbol, edificio] tall;[montaña] high;es más alto que su compañero he's taller than his colleague;el Everest es la montaña más alta del mundo Everest is the world's highest mountain;¡qué alta está tu hermana! your sister's really grown!;lo alto [de lugar, objeto] the top;Fig [el cielo] Heaven;en lo alto de at the top of;el gato se escondió en lo alto del árbol the cat hid up the tree;hacer algo por todo lo alto to do sth in (great) style;una boda por todo lo alto a sumptuous weddingalto relieve high relief2. [indica posición elevada] high;[piso] top, upper;tu mesa es muy alta para escribir bien your desk is too high for writing comfortably;¡salgan con los brazos en alto! come out with your arms raised o your hands up;aguántalo en alto un segundo hold it up for a second;tienen la moral muy alta their morale is very high;el portero desvió el balón por alto the keeper tipped the ball over the bar;de alta mar deep-sea;en alta mar out at sea;le entusiasma la alta montaña she loves mountaineering;equipo de alta montaña mountaineering gear;mantener la cabeza bien alta to hold one's head high;pasar algo por alto [adrede] to pass over sth;[sin querer] to miss sth out;esta vez pasaré por alto tu retraso I'll overlook the fact that you arrived late this time3. [cantidad, intensidad] high;de alta calidad high-quality;tengo la tensión muy alta I have very high blood pressure;tiene la fiebre alta her temperature is high, she has a high temperature;Informátun disco duro de alta capacidad a high-capacity hard disk;un televisor de alta definición a high-definition TV;una inversión de alta rentabilidad a highly profitable investment;un tren de alta velocidad a high-speed trainalto horno blast furnace;altos hornos [factoría] iron and steelworks;Informát alta resolución high resolution;alta temperatura high temperature;alta tensión high voltage;Der alta traición high treason;alto voltaje high voltagede alto nivel [delegación] high-level;un alto dirigente a high-ranking leaderHist la alta aristocracia the highest ranks of the aristocracy;alto cargo [persona] [de empresa] top manager;[de la administración] top-ranking official; [puesto] top position o job;los altos cargos del partido the party leadership;los altos cargos de la empresa the company's top management;alta cocina haute cuisine;Alto Comisionado High Commission;alta costura haute couture;Mil alto mando [persona] high-ranking officer; [jefatura] high command;alta sociedad high societyaltas finanzas high finance;Informát de alto nivel [lenguaje] high-level;alta tecnología high technology6. [sonido, voz] loud;en voz alta in a loud voice;el que no esté de acuerdo que lo diga en voz alta if anyone disagrees, speak up7. [hora] late;a altas horas de la noche late at night8. Geog upper;un crucero por el curso alto del Danubio a cruise along the upper reaches of the Danube;el Alto Egipto Upper EgyptHist Alto Perú = name given to Bolivia during the colonial era; Antes Alto Volta Upper Volta9. Hist High;la alta Edad Media the High Middle Ages10. [noble] [ideales] lofty11. [crecido, alborotado] [río] swollen;[mar] rough;con estas lluvias el río va alto the rain has swollen the river's banks♦ nm1. [altura] height;mide 2 metros de alto [cosa] it's 2 metres high;[persona] he's 2 metres tall2. [lugar elevado] heightlos Altos del Golán the Golan Heights3. [detención] stop;hacer un alto to make a stop;hicimos un alto en el camino para comer we stopped to have a bite to eat;dar el alto a alguien to challenge sbalto el fuego [cese de hostilidades] ceasefire;¡alto el fuego! [orden] cease fire!4. Mús alto5. [voz alta]no se atreve a decir las cosas en alto she doesn't dare say out loud what she's thinking6. Andes, Méx, RP [montón] pile;tengo un alto de cosas para leer I have a pile o mountain of things to readvive en los altos de la tintorería she lives in a separate Br flat o US apartment above the dry cleaner's♦ adv1. [arriba] high (up);volar muy alto to fly very high2. [hablar] loud;por favor, no hables tan alto please, don't talk so loud♦ interjhalt!, stop!;¡alto! ¿quién va? halt! who goes there?;¡alto ahí! [en discusión] hold on a minute!;[a un fugitivo] stop!* * *1en alta mar on the high seas;el alto Salado the upper (reaches of the) Salado;los pisos altos the top floors;en voz alta out loud;a altas horas de la noche in the small hours;clase alta high class;alta calidad high qualityhablar alto speak loudly;pasar por alto overlook;poner más alto TV, RAD turn up;por todo lo alto fam lavishly;en alto on high ground, high up;llegar alto go farIII m1 ( altura) height;dos metros de alto two meters high2 Chipile3:los altos de Golán GEOG the Golan Heights2 m1 halt;¡alto! halt!;dar el alto a alguien order s.o. to stop;¡alto ahí! stop right there!2 ( pausa) pause;hacer un alto stop* * *alto adv1) : high2) : loud, loudlyalto, -ta adj1) : tall, high2) : louden voz alta: aloud, out loudalto nm1) altura: height, elevation2) : stop, halt3) altos nmpl: upper floorsalto interj: halt!, stop!* * *alto1 adj1. (en general) high2. (persona, edificio, árbol) tall3. (sonido, voz) loudalto2 adv1. (volar, subir) high2. (hablar) loudly -
10 grand
grand, e [gʀɑ̃, gʀɑ̃d]1. adjectivea. ( = de haute taille) tall• quand il sera grand [enfant] when he grows up• tu es grand/grande maintenant you're a big boy/girl nowd. (en nombre, en quantité) [vitesse, poids, valeur, puissance] great ; [nombre, quantité] large ; [famille] large, bige. ( = intense) [bruit, cri] loud ; [froid, chaleur] intense ; [vent] strong ; [danger, plaisir, pauvreté] greatf. ( = riche, puissant) [pays, firme, banquier, industriel] leadingg. ( = important) great ; [ville, travail] big• je t'annonce une grande nouvelle ! I've got some great news!h. ( = principal) main• la grande difficulté consiste à... the main difficulty lies in...i. (intensif) [travailleur, collectionneur, ami, rêveur] great ; [buveur, fumeur] heavy ; [mangeur] bigj. ( = remarquable) greatk. ( = de gala) [réception, dîner] grandl. ( = noble) [âme] noble ; [pensée, principe] loftym. ( = exagéré) faire de grandes phrases to voice high-flown sentimentsn. ( = beaucoup de) cela te fera (le plus) grand bien it'll do you the world of good• grand bien vous fasse ! much good may it do you!2. adverb3. masculine nouna. ( = élève) senior boyb. (terme d'affection) viens, mon grand come here, sonc. ( = personne puissante) les grands de ce monde men in high places4. feminine nouna. ( = élève) senior girl5. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━The grandes écoles are competitive-entrance higher education establishments where engineering, business administration and other subjects are taught to a very high standard. The most prestigious include « l'École Polytechnique » (engineering), the three « Écoles normales supérieures » (arts and sciences), « l'ÉNA » (the civil service college), and « HEC » (business administration).Pupils prepare for entrance to the grandes écoles after their « baccalauréat » in two years of « classes préparatoires ». → CLASSES PRÉPARATOIRES CONCOURS ÉCOLE NATIONALE D'ADMINISTRATION* * *
1.
grande gʀɑ̃, gʀɑ̃d adjectif1) ( de dimensions importantes) ( en hauteur) tall; (en longueur, durée) long; ( en largeur) wide; (en étendue, volume) big2) (nombreux, abondant) large, biglaver à grande eau — to wash [something] in plenty of running water [légumes]; to wash [something] down [sol]
3) ( à un degré élevé) [rêveur, collectionneur, ami] great; [tricheur, joueur] big; [buveur, fumeur] heavy4) ( important) [découverte, expédition, nouvelle] great; [date] important; [rôle] major; [problème, décision] bigla grande majorité — the great ou vast majority
5) ( principal) main6) ( de premier plan) [société, marque] leading7) (brillant, remarquable) [peintre, vin, cause] great; [cœur, âme] nobleLouis le Grand — Louis the Great; esprit
les grandes classes — École the senior forms GB, the upper classes US
9) ( qualifiant une mesure) [hauteur, longueur, distance, valeur] great; [pointure, quantité, étendue] large; [vitesse] high10) (extrême, fort) [bonté, amitié, danger, intérêt] great; [bruit] loud; [froid] severe; [chaleur] intense; [vent] strong, high; [tempête] big, violentà grands cris — loudly; cas, remède
11) ( de rang social élevé) [famille, nom] great12) ( grandiose) [réception, projet] grand13) ( emphatique) [mot] big; [phrase] high-soundinget voilà, tout de suite les grands mots — there you go, straight off the deep end
2.
3.
adverbe wideouvrir grand ses oreilles — fig to prick up one's ears
4.
nom masculinles cinq grands — Politique the Big Five
5.
en grand locution adverbialePhrasal Verbs:* * *ɡʀɑ̃, ɡʀɑ̃d grand, -e1. adj1) (= de haute taille) tallIl est grand pour son âge. — He's tall for his age.
2) (= aîné)C'est sa grande sœur. — She's his big sister.
3) (= adulte)Il est assez grand pour... — He's old enough to...
4) (= gros, vaste, large) big, large5) (importance, stature) greatC'est un grand ami à moi. — He's a great friend of mine.
les grandes lignes CHEMINS DE FER — the main lines
6) (ampleur, degré)les grands blessés; Les grands blessés ont été emmenés à l'hôpital en hélicoptère. — The severely injured were taken to hospital by helicopter.
7) (intensif)Ça te fera beaucoup de bien d'être au grand air. — It'll be very good for you to be out in the open air.
2. adv3. nm/f1) (= élève, enfant) big boy, big girlIl est chez les grands maintenant. — He's in the senior school now.
C'est une grande, elle peut y aller seule. — She's a big girl now, she can go on her own.
2) (= personnage)4. nm* * *A adj1 ( de dimensions importantes) ( en hauteur) [personne, arbre, tour, cierge] tall; (en longueur, durée) [bras, enjambée, promenade, voyage] long; ( en largeur) [angle, marge] wide; (en étendue, volume) [lac, ville, salle, trou, édifice, paquet] large, big; [tas, feu] big; ( démesuré) [pied, nez, bouche] big; un homme (très) grand a (very) tall man; un grand homme brun, un homme grand et brun a tall dark man; plus grand que nature larger than life; ouvrir de grands yeux to open one's eyes wide;2 (nombreux, abondant) [famille, foule] large, big; [fortune] large; grande braderie big sale; pas grand monde not many people; faire de grandes dépenses to spend a lot of money; il fait grand jour it's broad daylight; laver à grande eau to wash [sth] in plenty of running water [légumes]; to wash [sth] down [sol]; à grand renfort de publicité with much publicity;3 ( à un degré élevé) [rêveur, collectionneur, travailleur, ami, ennemi, pécheur] great; [tricheur, joueur, lâcheur, idiot] big; [buveur, fumeur] heavy; grand amateur de ballet great ballet lover; c'est un grand timide he's very shy; les grands malades very sick people; c'est un grand cardiaque he has a serious heart condition;4 ( important) [découverte, migration, expédition, événement, nouvelle, honneur] great; [date] important; [rôle] major; [problème, décision] big; ( principal) main; c'est un grand jour pour elle it's a big day for her; une grande partie de la maison a large part of the house; une grande partie des habitants many of the inhabitants; la grande majorité the great ou vast majority; ⇒ scène;5 ( principal) main; le grand escalier the main staircase; le grand problème/obstacle the main ou major problem/obstacle; les grands axes routiers the main ou trunk GB roads; les grands points du discours the main points of the speech; les grandes lignes d'une politique the broad lines of a policy;6 ( de premier plan) Écon, Pol [pays, société, industriel, marque] leading; les grandes industries the big industries;7 (brillant, remarquable) [peintre, œuvre, civilisation, vin, cause] great; [cœur, âme] noble; c'est un grand homme he's a great man; les grands écrivains great authors; un grand nom de la musique a great musician; un grand monsieur du théâtre a great gentleman of the stage; Louis/Pierre le Grand Louis/Peter the Great; les grands noms du cinéma/de la littérature indienne the big names of the cinema/of Indian literature; de grande classe [produit] high-class; [exploit] admirable; ⇒ esprit;8 ( âgé) [frère, sœur] elder; [élève] senior GB, older; ( adulte) grown-up; mon grand frère my elder brother; les grandes classes Scol the senior forms GB, the upper classes US; quand il sera grand when he grows up; mes enfants sont grands my children are quite old; une grande fille comme toi! a big girl like you!; 12 ans! tu es assez grand pour te débrouiller 12 years old! you're old enough to cope;9 ( qualifiant une mesure) [hauteur, longueur, distance, poids, valeur, âge] great; [dimensions, taille, pointure, quantité, nombre, étendue] large; [vitesse] high; [kilomètre, mois, heure] good; il est grand temps que tu partes it's high time you were off ou you went;10 (intense, extrême, fort) [bonté, lâcheté, pauvreté, amitié, chagrin, faim, danger, différence, intérêt] great; [bruit] great, loud; [froid] severe; [chaleur] intense; [vent] strong, high; [tempête] big, violent; avec grand plaisir with great ou much pleasure; dans le plus grand secret in great secrecy; d'une grande bêtise/timidité very ou extremely stupid/shy; à ma grande honte/surprise much to my shame/surprise; sans grand espoir/enthousiasme without much hope/enthusiasm; sans grande importance not very important; il n'y a pas grand mal à cela/à faire there isn't much harm in that/in doing; avoir grand faim/soif to be very hungry/thirsty; avoir grand besoin de to be badly in need of; ça te ferait le plus grand bien it would do you a world of good; à grands cris loudly; ⇒ cas, remède;11 ( de rang social élevé) [famille, nom] great; grande dame great lady; la grande bourgeoisie the upper middle class;12 ( grandiose) [réception] grand; grands projets grand designs; avoir grande allure, avoir grand air to look very impressive;13 ( emphatique) [mot] big; [phrase] high-sounding; un grand merci a big thank you; faire de grands gestes to wave one's arms about; et voilà, tout de suite les grands mots there you go, straight off the deep end.B nm,f1 ( enfant) big boy/girl; Scol senior GB ou older pupil; il a fait ça tout seul comme un grand he did it all by himself like a big boy; il fait le ménage comme un grand he does the housework like a grown-up; pour les grands et les petits for old and young alike;C adv wide; ouvrir grand la bouche to open one's mouth wide; ouvrir tout grand les bras to throw one's arms open; les fenêtres sont grand(es) ouvertes the windows are wide open; ouvrir la porte toute grande to open the door wide; ouvrir grand ses oreilles fig to prick up one's ears; ouvrir tout grand son cœur fig to open one's heart; les bottes chaussent grand the boots are large-fitting; leurs vêtements taillent grand their clothes are cut on the large side; voir grand fig to think big.D nm ( pays) big power; ( entreprise) leader, big name; les grands de ce monde the great and the good; Pol the world's leaders; les cinq grands Pol the Big Five; les grands de l'automobile the top car manufacturers; c'est un grand de la publicité he's big in advertising.E en grand loc adv [ouvrir] wide, completely; faire de l'élevage en grand to breed animals on a large scale; quand ils reçoivent, ils font les choses en grand when they entertain they do things on the grand scale or they really go to town○.grand argentier Hist royal treasurer; hum keeper of the nation's purse, Finance minister; le grand art alchemy; grand banditisme organized crime; grand bassin ( de piscine) main pool; Anat upper pelvis; grand cacatois main royal sail; grand caniche standard poodle; le grand capital Écon big money, big investors pl; grand commis de l'État top civil servant; grand coq de bruyère capercaillie; grand corbeau raven; grand couturier couturier; grand débutant absolute beginner; grand duc Zool eagle owl; grand écart Danse, Sport splits (sg); faire le grand écart to do the splits; le grand écran the big screen; grand électeur ( en France) elector who votes in the elections for the French Senate; ( aux États-Unis) presidential elector; grand ensemble high-density housing complex; la vie dans les grands ensembles high-rise living; grand d'Espagne Spanish grandee; grand foc outer jib; grand frais Météo moderate gale; grand hunier main topsail; grand hunier fixe lower main topsail; grand hunier volant upper main topsail; grand invalide civil, GIC civilian who is registered severely disabled; grand invalide de guerre, GIG Prot Soc ex-serviceman who is registered severely disabled; le grand large Naut the high seas (pl); grand magasin Comm department store; grand maître ( aux échecs) grand master; grand maître de l'ordre des Templiers Hist Grand Master of the Knights Templar; grand mât Naut mainmast; le grand monde high society; le Grand Nord Géog the Far North; Grand Œuvre Great Work; grand officier de la Légion d'Honneur high-ranking officer of the Legion of HonourGB; le Grand Orient the Grand Lodge of France; grand panda giant panda; Grand Pardon Day of Atonement; grand patron Méd senior consultant GB, head doctor US; grand perroquet Naut main topgallant sail; grand prêtre Relig, fig high priest; grand prix Courses Aut, Sport grand prix; le grand public the general public; Comm produit grand public consumer product; grand quart Naut six-hour watch; Grand quartier général, GQG Mil General Headquarters, GHQ; grand quotidien Presse big national daily; grand roque Jeux ( aux échecs) castling long; le Grand Siècle Hist the 17th century (in France); grand teint colourfastGB; grand tétras capercaillie; grand tourisme Courses Aut, Aut GT, gran turismo; le Grand Turc the Sultan; grand veneur Chasse master of the hounds; grande Armée Hist Grande Armée (Napoleon's army); grande Baie Australienne Géog Great Australian Bight; la grande banlieue the outer suburbs (pl); Grande Barrière (de Corail) Géog Great Barrier Reef; la grande bleue the sea; la grande cuisine Culin haute cuisine; grande distribution Écon volume retailing; grand école higher education institution; la Grande Guerre Hist the First World War; grande gueule○ loud mouth○; grande hune Naut maintop; la grande muette the army; la grande muraille de Chine Géog the Great Wall of China; grande personne grown-up, adult; la grande presse Presse the popular dailies (pl); grande puissance Pol superpower; grande roue ( de foire) big wheel GB, Ferris wheel US; grande série Comm mass production; fabriqué en grande série mass-produced; grande surface Comm supermarket; grandes eaux fountains; fig ( pleurs) waterworks; dès qu'on la gronde, ce sont les grandes eaux the minute you tell her off, she turns on the waterworks; grandes lignes Rail main train routes; grandes marées spring tides; grandes ondes Radio long wave (sg); Grandes Plaines Géog Great Plains; les grands blessés the seriously injured; grands corps de l'État Admin senior branches of the civil service; grands espaces Écol open spaces; grands fauves Zool big cats; grands fonds Naut ocean depths; les grands froids the cold of winter; Grands Lacs Géog Great Lakes; grands singes Zool great apes; ⇒ école, voyage.ⓘ Grande école A prestigious third-level institution where admission is usually by competitive entrance examination or concours. Places are much sought after as they are widely considered to guarantee more promising career prospects than the standard university institutions. Many grandes écoles specialize in particular disciplines or fields of study, e.g. ENA, Sciences Po, etc.( féminin grande) [grɑ̃, grɑ̃d] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou h muet [grɑ̃t]) adjectifA.[ASPECT QUANTITATIF]grand A/B/C capital A/B/Cune grande tour a high ou tall towerun grand fleuve a long ou big riveravoir de grands pieds to have big ou large feetmarcher à grands pas to walk with great ou long strides3. [d'un certain âge - être humain] big[aîné - frère, sœur] big4. [qui dure longtemps] long5. [intense, considérable] greatpendant les grandes chaleurs in high summer, in ou at the height of summerun grand incendie a major ou great firela grande majorité de the great ou vast majority ofils plongent à une grande profondeur they dive very deep ou to a great depth7. [entier]elle m'a fait attendre une grande heure/semaine she made me wait a good hour/a good week9. GÉOGRAPHIE10. ZOOLOGIEB.[ASPECT QUALITATIF]les grands problèmes de notre temps the main ou major ou key issues of our timece sont de grands amis they're great ou very good friendsles grands blessés/brûlés/invalides the seriously wounded/burned/disabled3. [puissant, influent - banque] top ; [ - industriel] top, leading, major ; [ - propriétaire, famille] important ; [ - personnage] great4. [dans une hiérarchie]les grands dignitaires du régime the leading ou important dignitaries of the regime5. [noble]avoir grand air ou grande allure to carry oneself well, to be imposing6. [généralementéreux]il a un grand cœur he's big-hearted, he has a big heart7. [exagéré] biggrands mots high-sounding words, high-flown language8. [fameux, reconnu] greatun grand journaliste a great ou top journalistil ne descend que dans les grands hôtels he only stays in the best hotels ou the most luxurious hotelsle grand film de la soirée tonight's big ou feature filmles grandes dates de l'histoire de France the great ou most significant dates in French history9. HISTOIRE10. [omnipotent, suprême] greatC.[EN INTENSIF]sans grand enthousiasme/intérêt without much enthusiasm/interestsa grande fierté, c'est son jardin he's very proud of ou he takes great pride in his gardenun grand merci à ta sœur lots of thanks to ou a big thank you to your sistercette cuisine a grand besoin d'être nettoyée this kitchen really needs ou is in dire need of a cleantoute la famille au grand complet the whole family, every single member of the familyjamais, au grand jamais je n'accepterai never in a million years will I acceptà sa grande surprise much to his surprise, to his great surprise————————, grande [grɑ̃, grɑ̃d] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou h muet [grɑ̃t]) nom masculin, nom féminin1. [enfant - d'un certain âge][en appellatif]merci mon grand! thanks, son!allons, ma grande, ne pleure pas! come on now, love, don't cry!comme un grand: je me débrouillerai tout seul, comme un grand/toute seule, comme une grande I'll manage on my own, like a big boy/a big girl[en appellatif]alors, ma grande, tu as pu te reposer un peu? well dear, did you manage to get some rest?[personne de grande taille]pour la photo, les grands se mettront derrière for the photo, tall people ou the taller people will stand at the back————————adverbe1. [vêtement]2. (locution)3. [largement]4. ART————————nom masculin1. PHILOSOPHIE → link=infiniment infiniment2. [entrepreneur, industriel]les grands de l'automobile the major ou leading car manufacturers————————grands nom masculin plurielÉCONOMIE & POLITIQUEles grands [les puissants] the rich (and powerful)les grands de ce monde the people in (positions of) power ou in high places————————en grand locution adverbiale[complètement] on a large scaleil faut aérer la maison en grand the house needs a thorough ou good airinggrande école nom féminingrand ensemble nom masculingrande surface nom fémininThe grandes écoles are relatively small and highly respected higher education establishments. Admission is usually only possible after two years of intensive preparatory studies and a competitive entrance examination. Most have close links with industry. The grandes écoles include l'École des hautes études commerciales or HEC (management and business), l'École polytechnique or l'X (engineering) and l'École normale supérieure (teacher training). -
11 categoría
f.category, class, grade, kind.* * *1 category, class (social) class\de categoría important, prominent* * *noun f.1) category2) grade, rank* * *SF1) [en clasificación] categoryhoteles de máxima categoría — top-class o top-flight hotels
2) (=calidad) qualityhan confirmado su reconocida categoría artística — they have confirmed their recognized status o standing as artists
no hay hoy ningún maestro de su categoría — nowadays there are no maestros of his calibre o in his class
•
de categoría — [deportista, artista] top-class antes de s3) (=apartado) [en premio] category; [en deporte] eventen la categoría de ensayo — in the essay section o category
4) (=rango profesional) grade; (Mil) rankfue ascendido a la categoría de director general — he was promoted (to the position of) director general
•
oficial de baja categoría — low-ranking officer* * *a) (clase, rango) categoryb) ( calidad)una revista de mucha/poca categoría — a first/second-rate magazine
el hotel de más categoría — the finest o best hotel
de categoría: artistas de categoría fine o first-rate artists; un producto de categoría a quality o prestige product; gente de cierta categoría — people of some standing
c) (Fil) category* * *= category, ranking, calibre [caliber, -USA], category heading, grading.Ex. For some categories of materials it can be difficult to distinguish publishers from distributors and/or producers.Ex. Those documents with sufficiently high rankings will be deemed relevant and eventually retrieved.Ex. The calibre of the librarian is a medical library's most important resource.Ex. In one library, the director objected to the category heading 'Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender' = En una biblioteca, el director se opuso a que se utilizase la categoría "Gay, Lesbiana, Bisexual y Transexual".Ex. It is interesting that, in this case, socio-economic grading was a better social discriminator than was terminal educational age.----* ascender de categoría = advance up + the scale, move up + the scale.* bajar de categoría = demote.* categoría académica profesional = academic rank.* categoría fundamental = fundamental category.* categoría profesional = job title, rank, professional position.* creación de categorías = categorisation [categorization, -USA].* de la misma categoría que = in a class with.* de máxima categoría = top-class.* de segunda categoría = second-rate.* de varias categorías = multi-category.* en circuitos de segunda categoría = in the provinces.* encuadrar dentro de una categoría = categorise [categorize, -USA].* en otra categoría = on a different plane.* entrar dentro de la categoría de = fall under + the heading of.* entrar dentro de una categoría = fall into + category, fall under + rubric.* estar en la misma categoría que = rank with.* gran categoría = high standard.* grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.* incluir en una categoría = fall into + category.* obtener una categoría = gain + status.* pérdida de categoría laboral = demotion.* pertenecer a otra categoría de cosas = be of a different order.* ser de primera categoría = be top notch.* tener la categoría profesional de + Nombre = hold + Nombre + rank, have + Nombre + rank, enjoy + Nombre + rank.* * *a) (clase, rango) categoryb) ( calidad)una revista de mucha/poca categoría — a first/second-rate magazine
el hotel de más categoría — the finest o best hotel
de categoría: artistas de categoría fine o first-rate artists; un producto de categoría a quality o prestige product; gente de cierta categoría — people of some standing
c) (Fil) category* * *= category, ranking, calibre [caliber, -USA], category heading, grading.Ex: For some categories of materials it can be difficult to distinguish publishers from distributors and/or producers.
Ex: Those documents with sufficiently high rankings will be deemed relevant and eventually retrieved.Ex: The calibre of the librarian is a medical library's most important resource.Ex: In one library, the director objected to the category heading 'Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender' = En una biblioteca, el director se opuso a que se utilizase la categoría "Gay, Lesbiana, Bisexual y Transexual".Ex: It is interesting that, in this case, socio-economic grading was a better social discriminator than was terminal educational age.* ascender de categoría = advance up + the scale, move up + the scale.* bajar de categoría = demote.* categoría académica profesional = academic rank.* categoría fundamental = fundamental category.* categoría profesional = job title, rank, professional position.* creación de categorías = categorisation [categorization, -USA].* de la misma categoría que = in a class with.* de máxima categoría = top-class.* de segunda categoría = second-rate.* de varias categorías = multi-category.* en circuitos de segunda categoría = in the provinces.* encuadrar dentro de una categoría = categorise [categorize, -USA].* en otra categoría = on a different plane.* entrar dentro de la categoría de = fall under + the heading of.* entrar dentro de una categoría = fall into + category, fall under + rubric.* estar en la misma categoría que = rank with.* gran categoría = high standard.* grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.* incluir en una categoría = fall into + category.* obtener una categoría = gain + status.* pérdida de categoría laboral = demotion.* pertenecer a otra categoría de cosas = be of a different order.* ser de primera categoría = be top notch.* tener la categoría profesional de + Nombre = hold + Nombre + rank, have + Nombre + rank, enjoy + Nombre + rank.* * *1 (clase, rango) categoryhotel de primera categoría first-class hotelcategoría profesional professional standingtiene categoría de embajador he has ambassadorial status, he holds the rank of ambassadorun huracán de categoría 4 a category 4 hurricane2(calidad): un actor de mucha categoría a distinguished actoruna revista de poca categoría a second-rate magazineel hotel de más categoría de la ciudad the finest o best hotel in townde categoría: un espectáculo de categoría a fine o a first-rate o an excellent showartistas de categoría fine o first-rate artistsun producto de categoría a quality o prestige productgente de cierta categoría people of some standing3 ( Fil) categoryCompuestos:tax bracketpart of speech* * *
categoría sustantivo femenino
hotel de primera categoría first-class hotelb) ( calidad):
un periódico de poca categoría a second-rate newspaper;
el hotel de más categoría the finest o best hotelc) ( estatus):
gente de cierta categoría people of some standing
categoría sustantivo femenino
1 category
2 (prestigio, estilo) class
3 (grado en la calidad) de primera/segunda categoría, first/second rate
♦ Locuciones: de categoría, (persona muy importante) important
(objeto muy valioso o exquisito) quality, first-rate
' categoría' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ascender
- calibre
- clase
- descenso
- escalón
- primera
- primero
- rebajar
- subir
- talla
- elevado
- jerarquía
- júnior
- juvenil
- rango
- segundo
English:
blue-chip
- category
- class
- come under
- downgrade
- grade
- high-class
- neither
- outrank
- people
- promote
- rank
- rate
- saloon bar
- second-rate
- senior
- demote
- demotion
- distinction
- division
- down
- downmarket
- heavyweight
- low
- part
- second
- up
- upmarket
* * *categoría nf1. [clase] category;un hotel de primera categoría a top-class hotel;en su categoría de presidente,… as president…categoría gramatical part of speech2. [calidad] quality;de (primera) categoría first-class;un discurso de categoría a first-class o an excellent speech;se enfrenta a dos rivales de categoría she faces two opponents of the first rank3. [posición social] standing;de categoría importantperder la categoría to be relegatedla categoría reina [en motociclismo] 500 cc category; [en automovilismo] Formula One5. [en lógica] category* * *de categoría first-rate, top-class;de segunda categoría second rate, second class;actor de primera categoría first-rate actor* * *categoría nf1) clase: category2) rango: rank, standing3)categoría gramatical : part of speech4)de categoría : first-rate, outstanding* * *2. (calidad) class / rate3. (nivel) level -
12 grado
"degree;Grad;grau"* * *1. m degreein una gerarchia, military rank30 gradi all'ombra 30 degrees in the shadein grado di lavorare capable of working, fit for workessere in grado di be in a position toper gradi by degrees2. m : di buon grado willingly* * *grado1 s.m.1 degree; level, standard: grado di conoscenza, parentela, degree of knowledge, kinship; ha raggiunto un ottimo grado di conoscenza della lingua, he has reached a high standard of competence in the language; alto grado di civiltà, high degree (o level) of civilization; cugino di primo, secondo grado, first, second cousin; in minor grado, in a lesser degree; il massimo grado di esattezza, the highest level (o degree) of accuracy // (dir.): omicidio di primo, secondo grado, murder in the first, second degree; grado del processo, stage of the proceeding; (econ.): grado di occupazione, employment scale; grado di monopolio, degree of monopoly; grado di utilizzazione dei vari mezzi di comunicazione, degree of media coverage // (interrogatorio di) terzo grado, third degree; mi ha fatto il terzo grado per sapere dov'ero stato, he grilled me (o he gave me the third degree) to find out where I had been // per gradi, by degrees (o step by step o in stages o gradually); è bene procedere per gradi nell'illustrare il progetto, it's a good idea to explain the project step by step (o in stages) // a grado a grado, by degrees (o step by step)2 (condizione) essere in grado di fare qlco., to be able to do sthg. (o to be in a position to do sthg.): sei più in grado di me di giudicare, you are in a better position to judge than I am; sei in grado di sostenere l'esame?, are you up to taking the exam?; sei in grado di guidare una macchina?, can you drive a car?; mettere qlcu. in grado di fare qlco., to put s.o. in a position to do sthg. (o to enable s.o. to do sthg.)3 (in una scala di valori) degree: (gramm.) grado comparativo, comparative degree; (metall.) grado di durezza, degree of hardness; (geogr.) grado di latitudine, degree of latitude; (fis.) grado di umidità, degree of humidity (o humidity ratio); gradi di libertà, degrees of freedom; (mat.) grado di un polinomio, degree of a polynomial; (mat.) un angolo di dieci gradi, an angle of 10˚ (ten degrees); (mat.) equazione di secondo grado, equation of the second degree; l'acqua gela a 0 ˚C o a 32 ˚F, water freezes at 0 ˚C (zero degrees centigrade) or 32 ˚F; la notte di Natale ci furono 9 ˚C sotto zero, on Christmas Eve it was 9 ˚C (o nine degrees centigrade below zero); quanti gradi ha quel vino?, what's the alcohol content of this wine?; una scossa di terremoto del quinto grado della scala Richter, a shock of five on the Richter scale4 (posizione gerarchica) rank, grade: il grado di un impiegato, di un funzionario, the rank of an employee, of an official; grado di un magistrato, magisterial rank; di alto grado, of high rank (o position); gente di ogni grado, people of all ranks (o stations); avanzamento di grado, promotion; avanzare di grado, to be promoted; (amm.) grado gerarchico, rank5 (mil.) rank: ha raggiunto il grado di colonnello, he has attained the rank of colonel; mi è superiore di grado, he is above me in rank; avere il grado di maggiore, to hold the rank of major; essere promosso al grado di capitano, to be promoted to the rank of captain; perdere i gradi, to be demoted (o to lose one's stripes); gli alti gradi dell'esercito, the highest ranking officers (o the senior officers) of the army6 (mil.) (gallone) stripe; (a V, di sottufficiale) chevron7 (inform.) order.grado2 s.m. (gradimento) pleasure; liking; will: suo mal grado, against his will // di buon grado, with pleasure (o willingly); accettare qlco. di buon grado, to take sthg. in good part.* * *I ['ɡrado] sm II ['ɡrado] sm1) (gen) degree, (livello) degree, level, Alpinismo gradeun cugino di primo/secondo grado — a first/second cousin
* * *I 1. ['grado]sostantivo maschile1) (di angolo, temperatura) degree2) (alcolico)questo vino fa 12 -i — this wine contains 12% alcohol (by volume)
per -i — by degrees, gradually, in stages
4) (in una serie) degreecugini di primo grado — first cousins, cousins once removed
un terremoto del sesto grado della scala Richter — an earthquake registering six on the Richter scale
5) (livello gerarchico, sociale) rank (anche mil.)salire di grado — to be promoted, to advance form.
6) in gradoessere in grado di fare qcs. — to be able to do sth.
2.in grado di funzionare — in working o running order
sostantivo maschile plurale gradi mil. stripes, bars AEgrado Celsius o centigrado degree Celsius o centigrade; grado Fahrenheit — degree Fahrenheit
••II ['grado]fare il terzo grado a qcn. — to give sb. the third degree
sostantivo maschilefare qcs. di buon grado — to do sth. with (a) good grace
* * *grado1/'grado/ ⇒ 36, 12I sostantivo m.1 (di angolo, temperatura) degree; un angolo di 30 -i an angle of 30 degrees; fuori ci sono 5 -i it's 5 degrees outside2 (alcolico) questo vino fa 12 -i this wine contains 12% alcohol (by volume)4 (in una serie) degree; grado di parentela degree of kinship; ustioni di terzo grado third-degree burns; cugini di primo grado first cousins, cousins once removed; un terremoto del sesto grado della scala Richter an earthquake registering six on the Richter scale5 (livello gerarchico, sociale) rank (anche mil.); di grado elevato high-ranking; salire di grado to be promoted, to advance form.6 in grado essere in grado di fare qcs. to be able to do sth.; in grado di funzionare in working o running orderII gradi m.pl.mil. stripes, bars AEfare il terzo grado a qcn. to give sb. the third degree\————————grado2/'grado/sostantivo m.di buon grado willingly; fare qcs. di buon grado to do sth. with (a) good grace. -
13 Hoch
1) ( groß an vertikaler Ausdehnung) high, tall;ein hoher Turm a tall [or high] tower;ein hoher Baum/ Mensch a tall tree/person;eine hohe Decke a high ceiling;eine hohe Schneedecke deep snow;[gut] 20 Meter \Hoch sein to be [a good] 20 metres [or (Am) -ers] tall/high [or in height] /deep; Aufhängung, Dach to be [a good] 20 metres [or (Am) -ers] off the ground;ein 125 Meter hoher Turm a 125 metre [high] tower2) ( beträchtlich) high, large;hohe Beträge large amounts;hohe Kosten high costs;ein hoher Lotteriegewinn a big lottery win3) ( stark gesteigert) high;etw einem hohen Druck aussetzen to expose sth to a high pressure;hohes Fieber haben to be running a high temperature4) ( erheblich) extensive, severe;hohe Verluste severe losses;ein hoher Sachschaden extensive damage to property5) ( groß) great, high;ein hoher Lebensstandard a high standard of living;eine hohe Freude a great pleasure;die Gesundheit ist ein hohes Gut health is a precious commodity6) ( bedeutend) great, high;hohe Ämter/ ein hohes Amt bekleiden to hold high office;hohes Ansehen great respect;ein hoher Feiertag an important public holiday;ein hoher Funktionär/ eine hohe Funktionärin a high-level official;hohe Offiziere high-ranking officers;ein hohe Position in der Firma a senior position in the firm7) ( sehr) highly;\Hoch begabt highly gifted [or talented];\Hoch beladen heavily laden;\Hoch besteuert highly taxed;\Hoch bezahlt highly paid, well paid;\Hoch dotiert highly remunerated ( form)eine \Hoch dotierte Stelle a highly remunerative position ( form)eine \Hoch entwickelte Kultur a highly developed civilization;( verfeinert) sophisticated;\Hoch favorisiert sein to be the strong favourite [or (Am) -orite];\Hoch geehrter Herr Präsident! dear Mr President!;\Hoch gelobt highly praised;\Hoch geschätzt highly esteemed [or valued] [or prized];\Hoch infektiös highly infectious;\Hoch industrialisiert highly industrialized;\Hoch kompliziert highly complicated;\Hoch konzentriert arbeiten to be completely focused on one's work;\Hoch motiviert highly motivated;\Hoch qualifiziert highly qualified;\Hoch radioaktiv highly radioactive;\Hoch rentabel highly profitable;\Hoch sensibel highly sensitive;\Hoch stehend advanced;eine \Hoch stehende Kultur an advanced civilization;wirtschaftlich/wissenschaftlich \Hoch stehend economically/scientifically advanced;gesellschaftlich \Hoch stehende Leute people of high social standing;\Hoch versichert heavily insured;\Hoch verschuldet deep in debt pred;wie \Hoch bist du verschuldet? how much [or deep] in debt are you?;jdn [als jdn/etw] \Hoch achten to respect sb highly [or greatly] [as sb/sth];\Hoch geachtet highly [or greatly] respected;etw \Hoch achten to respect sth highly [or greatly];jdm etw \Hoch anrechnen to give sb a great credit for sth;jdn/etw \Hoch einschätzen to have a high opinion of sb/sth;\Hoch eingeschätzt werden to be thought highly [or highly thought]; [or well] of;jdn/etw zu \Hoch einschätzen to overestimate sb/sth;jdn/etw \Hoch schätzen to appreciate sb/sth very much, to value sb/sth highly8) predadv <höher, am höchsten>1) ( nach oben)wie \Hoch kannst du den Ball werfen? how high can you throw the ball?;der Berg ragt 5000 Meter \Hoch empor the mountain towers to a height of 5000 metres;\Hoch zum Himmel zeigen to point up at [or to] the sky;\Hoch gewachsen tall;einen Gang \Hoch schalten auto to shift [up] gears;[zu] \Hoch singen mus to sing [too] high2) ( in einiger Höhe)\Hoch auf dem Berg befindet sich eine Jagdhütte there's a hunting lodge high up on the mountain;die Sterne stehen \Hoch am Himmel the stars are high up in the sky;wir fliegen 4000 Meter \Hoch we're flying at a height of 4,000 metres;im \Hoch gelegenen Gebirgstal high up in the mountains;\Hoch oben high up;im Keller steht das Wasser 3 cm \Hoch the water's 3 cm deep in the cellar;3) ( äußerst) extremely, highly, very;der Vorschlag ist mir \Hoch willkommen I very much welcome the suggestion4) ( eine hohe Summe umfassend) highly;\Hoch gewinnen to win a large amount;\Hoch wetten to bet heavily2 \Hoch 4 2 to the power of 4 spec;WENDUNGEN:zu \Hoch gegriffen sein to be an exaggeration;\Hoch und heilig ( fam) faithfully;\Hoch und heilig schwören, dass... to swear blind that...;etw \Hoch und heilig versprechen to promise sth faithfully;\Hoch hergehen ( fam) to be lively;auf ihren Partys geht es immer \Hoch her there's always a lively atmosphere at her parties;\Hoch hinauswollen ( fam) to aim high;jd ist \Hoch in den Fünfzigern/Sechzigern etc. sb's in his/her late fifties/sixties etc.;wenn es \Hoch kommt ( fam) at the most;\Hoch stehen to be high up;er stand in der Rangordnung recht \Hoch he was very high up in the hierarchy;\Hoch! get up!;\Hoch, ihr Faulpelze! [get] up, you lazy so-and-sos!2. Hoch -s, -s> [ho:x] ntcheer;ein dreifaches \Hoch dem glücklichen Brautpaar three cheers for the happy couple;ein \Hoch auf jdn ausbringen to give sb a cheer3. Hoch -s, -s> [ho:x] ntmeteo high -
14 hoch
1) ( groß an vertikaler Ausdehnung) high, tall;ein hoher Turm a tall [or high] tower;ein hoher Baum/ Mensch a tall tree/person;eine hohe Decke a high ceiling;eine hohe Schneedecke deep snow;[gut] 20 Meter \hoch sein to be [a good] 20 metres [or (Am) -ers] tall/high [or in height] /deep; Aufhängung, Dach to be [a good] 20 metres [or (Am) -ers] off the ground;ein 125 Meter hoher Turm a 125 metre [high] tower2) ( beträchtlich) high, large;hohe Beträge large amounts;hohe Kosten high costs;ein hoher Lotteriegewinn a big lottery win3) ( stark gesteigert) high;etw einem hohen Druck aussetzen to expose sth to a high pressure;hohes Fieber haben to be running a high temperature4) ( erheblich) extensive, severe;hohe Verluste severe losses;ein hoher Sachschaden extensive damage to property5) ( groß) great, high;ein hoher Lebensstandard a high standard of living;eine hohe Freude a great pleasure;die Gesundheit ist ein hohes Gut health is a precious commodity6) ( bedeutend) great, high;hohe Ämter/ ein hohes Amt bekleiden to hold high office;hohes Ansehen great respect;ein hoher Feiertag an important public holiday;ein hoher Funktionär/ eine hohe Funktionärin a high-level official;hohe Offiziere high-ranking officers;ein hohe Position in der Firma a senior position in the firm7) ( sehr) highly;\hoch begabt highly gifted [or talented];\hoch beladen heavily laden;\hoch besteuert highly taxed;\hoch bezahlt highly paid, well paid;\hoch dotiert highly remunerated ( form)eine \hoch dotierte Stelle a highly remunerative position ( form)eine \hoch entwickelte Kultur a highly developed civilization;( verfeinert) sophisticated;\hoch favorisiert sein to be the strong favourite [or (Am) -orite];\hoch geehrter Herr Präsident! dear Mr President!;\hoch gelobt highly praised;\hoch geschätzt highly esteemed [or valued] [or prized];\hoch infektiös highly infectious;\hoch industrialisiert highly industrialized;\hoch kompliziert highly complicated;\hoch konzentriert arbeiten to be completely focused on one's work;\hoch motiviert highly motivated;\hoch qualifiziert highly qualified;\hoch radioaktiv highly radioactive;\hoch rentabel highly profitable;\hoch sensibel highly sensitive;\hoch stehend advanced;eine \hoch stehende Kultur an advanced civilization;wirtschaftlich/wissenschaftlich \hoch stehend economically/scientifically advanced;gesellschaftlich \hoch stehende Leute people of high social standing;\hoch versichert heavily insured;\hoch verschuldet deep in debt pred;wie \hoch bist du verschuldet? how much [or deep] in debt are you?;jdn [als jdn/etw] \hoch achten to respect sb highly [or greatly] [as sb/sth];\hoch geachtet highly [or greatly] respected;etw \hoch achten to respect sth highly [or greatly];jdm etw \hoch anrechnen to give sb a great credit for sth;jdn/etw \hoch einschätzen to have a high opinion of sb/sth;\hoch eingeschätzt werden to be thought highly [or highly thought]; [or well] of;jdn/etw zu \hoch einschätzen to overestimate sb/sth;jdn/etw \hoch schätzen to appreciate sb/sth very much, to value sb/sth highly8) predadv <höher, am höchsten>1) ( nach oben)wie \hoch kannst du den Ball werfen? how high can you throw the ball?;der Berg ragt 5000 Meter \hoch empor the mountain towers to a height of 5000 metres;\hoch zum Himmel zeigen to point up at [or to] the sky;\hoch gewachsen tall;einen Gang \hoch schalten auto to shift [up] gears;[zu] \hoch singen mus to sing [too] high2) ( in einiger Höhe)\hoch auf dem Berg befindet sich eine Jagdhütte there's a hunting lodge high up on the mountain;die Sterne stehen \hoch am Himmel the stars are high up in the sky;wir fliegen 4000 Meter \hoch we're flying at a height of 4,000 metres;im \hoch gelegenen Gebirgstal high up in the mountains;\hoch oben high up;im Keller steht das Wasser 3 cm \hoch the water's 3 cm deep in the cellar;3) ( äußerst) extremely, highly, very;der Vorschlag ist mir \hoch willkommen I very much welcome the suggestion4) ( eine hohe Summe umfassend) highly;\hoch gewinnen to win a large amount;\hoch wetten to bet heavily2 \hoch 4 2 to the power of 4 spec;WENDUNGEN:zu \hoch gegriffen sein to be an exaggeration;\hoch und heilig ( fam) faithfully;\hoch und heilig schwören, dass... to swear blind that...;etw \hoch und heilig versprechen to promise sth faithfully;\hoch hergehen ( fam) to be lively;auf ihren Partys geht es immer \hoch her there's always a lively atmosphere at her parties;\hoch hinauswollen ( fam) to aim high;jd ist \hoch in den Fünfzigern/Sechzigern etc. sb's in his/her late fifties/sixties etc.;wenn es \hoch kommt ( fam) at the most;\hoch stehen to be high up;er stand in der Rangordnung recht \hoch he was very high up in the hierarchy;\hoch! get up!;\hoch, ihr Faulpelze! [get] up, you lazy so-and-sos!2. Hoch -s, -s> [ho:x] ntcheer;ein dreifaches \hoch dem glücklichen Brautpaar three cheers for the happy couple;ein \hoch auf jdn ausbringen to give sb a cheer3. Hoch -s, -s> [ho:x] ntmeteo high -
15 tenue
tenue2 [t(ə)ny]1. feminine nouna. ( = habillement, apparence) dress• ce n'est pas une tenue pour aller au golf ! that's no way to dress to play golf!• « tenue correcte exigée » "strict dress code"b. ( = maintien) posturec. ( = conduite) bonne tenue en classe good behaviour in class• allons ! un peu de tenue ! come on, behave yourself!d. ( = qualité) [de journal] standarde. [de maison, magasin] running ; [de séance] holding2. compounds• « tenue de soirée de rigueur » ≈ "black tie" ► tenue de sport sports clothes* * *təny1) ( vêtements)tenue (vestimentaire) — dress [U], clothes (pl)
tenue d'hiver — gén winter clothes (pl); (de soldat, policier) winter uniform
être en tenue légère — ( peu vêtu) to be scantily dressed; ( avec vêtements légers) to be in light clothing
se mettre en grande tenue — gén to put on ceremonial dress; Armée to put on full dress uniform
2) ( manières)3) ( posture) posture [U]4) Finance ( comportement) performance•Phrasal Verbs:* * *t(ə)ny nf1) (action de tenir) [commerce] running, [registre, comptes] keeping, [réunion] holding2) (= vêtements) outfitElle portait une tenue très élégante. — She was very elegantly dressed., She was wearing a very elegant outfit.
Il faudra prévoir une tenue bien chaude. — You should dress warmly.
tenue de sport — sports gear no pl
3) (= allure vestimentaire) dress no pl appearanceSa tenue laissait à désirer. — His appearance left a lot to be desired.
4) (= comportement) manners pl behaviour Grande-Bretagne behavior USAavoir de la tenue [personne] — to have good manners, [journal] to have a high standard
Il n'a aucune tenue. — He has no manners.
* * *[təny] nom fémininA.1. [d'une séance, d'un rassemblement]ils ont interdit la tenue de la réunion dans nos locaux they banned the meeting from being held on our premises2. [gestion - d'une maison, d'un établissement] running3. AUTOMOBILEla bonne/mauvaise tenue des valeurs the strong/poor performance of the stock market5. COMMERCE6. ÉQUITATION [d'un cheval] staminaB.2. [comportement, conduite] behaviourvoyons, un peu de tenue! come now, behave yourself!3. [aspect extérieur d'une personne] appearance4. [habits - généralement] clothes, outfit, dress ; [ - de policier, de militaire, de pompier] uniformune tenue de sport sports gear ou kit‘tenue correcte exigée’ ‘dress code’tenue de cérémonie, grande tenue full-dress ou dress uniform5. [rigueur intellectuelle] quality6. ÉQUITATION [d'un cavalier] seaten grande tenue locution adjectivaleMILITAIRE in full dress ou dress uniformen petite tenue locution adjectivale————————en tenue locution adjectivale[militaire, policier] uniformedce jour-là, je n'étais pas en tenuea. [militaire] I was in civilian clothes that dayb. [policier] I was in plain clothes that day————————→ link=enen petite tenue -
16 Deville, Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 11 March 1818 St Thomas, Virgin Islandsd. 1 July 1881 Boulogne-sur-Seine, France[br]French chemist and metallurgist, pioneer in the large-scale production of aluminium and other light metals.[br]Deville was the son of a prosperous shipowner with diplomatic duties in the Virgin Islands. With his elder brother Charles, who later became a distinguished physicist, he was sent to Paris to be educated. He took his degree in medicine in 1843, but before that he had shown an interest in chemistry, due particularly to the lectures of Thenard. Two years later, with Thenard's influence, he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Besançon. In 1851 he was able to return to Paris as Professor at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. He remained there for the rest of his working life, greatly improving the standard of teaching, and his laboratory became one of the great research centres of Europe. His first chemical work had been in organic chemistry, but he then turned to inorganic chemistry, specifically to improve methods of producing the new and little-known metal aluminium. Essentially, the process consisted of forming sodium aluminium trichloride and reducing it with sodium to metallic aluminium. He obtained sodium in sufficient quantity by reducing sodium carbonate with carbon. In 1855 he exhibited specimens of the metal at the Paris Exhibition, and the same year Napoleon III asked to see them, with a view to using it for breastplates for the Army and for spoons and forks for State banquets. With the resulting government support, he set up a pilot plant at Jarvel to develop the process, and then set up a small company, the Société d'Aluminium at Nan terre. This raised the output of this attractive and useful metal, so it could be used more widely than for the jewellery to which it had hitherto been restricted. Large-scale applications, however, had to await the electrolytic process that began to supersede Deville's in the 1890s. Deville extended his sodium reduction method to produce silicon, boron and the light metals magnesium and titanium. His investigations into the metallurgy of platinum revolutionized the industry and led in 1872 to his being asked to make the platinum-iridium (90–10) alloy for the standard kilogram and metre. Deville later carried out important work in high-temperature chemistry. He grieved much at the death of his brother Charles in 1876, and his retirement was forced by declining health in 1880; he did not survive for long.[br]BibliographyDeville published influential books on aluminium and platinum; these and all his publications are listed in the bibliography in the standard biography by J.Gray, 1889, Henri Sainte-Claire Deville: sa vie et ses travaux, Paris.Further ReadingM.Daumas, 1949, "Henri Sainte-Claire Deville et les débuts de l'industrie de l'aluminium", Rev.Hist.Sci 2:352–7.J.C.Chaston, 1981, "Henri Sainte-Claire Deville: his outstanding contributions to the chemistry of the platinum metals", Platinum Metals Review 25:121–8.LRDBiographical history of technology > Deville, Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire
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17 ἀγαθός
ἀγαθός, ή, όν (Hom.+) Comp. ἀμείνων (not in NT, but e.g. PGM 5, 50; 6, 2; Jos., Bell. 5, 19, Ant. 11, 296) 1 Cl 57:2; IEph 13:2; 15:1; βελτίων, also κρείσσων, colloq. ἀγαθώτερος (Diod S 8 Fgm. 12, 8; Judg 11:25 B; 15:2 B) Hm 8:9, 11. Superl. ἄριστος (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 156, Ant. 16, 142; Ath., R. 72, 8); colloq. ἀγαθώτατος (Diod S 16, 85, 7; Philo Bybl. [c. 100 A.D.] s. below 2aα; Heliod. 5, 15, 2; Synes., Ep. 143; Jos., Bell. 2, 277) Hv 1, 2, 3.—Ael. Dion. α, 10 rejects the forms ἀγαθώτερος, -τατος as wholly foreign to Greek (B-D-F §61, 1). When used of pers., freq. in ref. to good citizenship or acceptance of communal responsibility (cp. the def. in Cleanthes 3 [Coll. Alex. p. 229]).① pert. to meeting a relatively high standard of quality, of things.ⓐ adj. useful, beneficial καρποί (Procop. Soph., Ep. 27; Sir 6:19; Da 4:12 LXX) Js 3:17. δένδρον Mt 7:17f. γῆ productive, fertile soil (X., Oec. 16, 7 γῆ ἀ.—γῆ κακή; Diod S 5, 41, 6; Arrian, Anab. 4, 28, 3; Jos., Ant. 5, 178) Lk 8:8; B 6:8, 10. δόματα beneficial (Sir 18:17) Mt 7:11; Lk 11:13. δόσις Js 1:17; λόγος ἀ. πρὸς οἰκοδομήν useful for edification Eph 4:29 (cp. X., Mem. 4, 6, 11; Chion, Ep. 3, 6 πρὸς ἀνδρείαν ἀμείνους; Isocr. 15, 284 ἄριστα πρὸς ἀρετήν); γνώμη ἀ. a gracious declaration 1 Cl 8:2; ἡμέραι ἀ. happy (Cass. Dio 51, 19; PGen 61, 10; Sir 14:14; 1 Macc 10:55) 1 Pt 3:10; 1 Cl 22:2 (both Ps 33:13; 34:12); cp. 50:4.ⓑ used as a pure subst.: sg. (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX), ἀγαθόν, οῦ, τό the good (Diog. L. 1, 105 ἀγαθόν τε καὶ φαῦλον=a good and bad thing at the same time. TestAbr A 4, p. 80, 32 [Stone p. 8] of food); opp. (τὸ) κακόν Did., Gen. 21, 5; pl. ἀγαθά, ῶν, τά good things, possessions.α. quite gener. τὰ ἀγαθά σου Lk 16:25 (cp. Job 21:13; En 103:3; PsSol 1:6, 5, 18; 17:44; 18:6; the opp. of τὰ κακά as Ephorus of Cyme [IV B.C.] περὶ ἀγαθῶν κ. κακῶν: 70 test. 1 Jac.; Diod S 18, 53, 1 ἀγαθῶν τε καὶ κακῶν μεταλαμβάνων; Job 2:10; s. SAalen NTS 13, ’66, 5 on En 98:9); τοιαῦτα ἀ. such fine things Hs 9, 10, 1.—ποιήσαι ταῦτα κ. περισσότερα ἀ. μεθʼ ἡμῶν to do these and far better things for us 1 Cl 61:3.β. possessions, treasures (Hdt. 2, 172 et al.; PRyl 28, 182 δεσπότης πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν κ. κτημάτων; Sir 14:4; Wsd 7:11; TestJob 4:8; SibOr 3, 660; 750) Lk 1:53 (Ps 106:9.—Amphis Com. Fgm. 28 [IV B.C.], in Athen. 3, 56, 100a, χορτάζομαι ἐν ἅπασιν ἀγαθοῖς; Sb 7517, 4 [211/12 A.D.] ἀγαθῶν πεπληρῶσθαι); Gal 6:6; Hv 3, 9, 6; τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:19; cp. TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 18 [Stone p. 10] ἀ. τῶν ἐπιγείων); esp. of crops (Diod S 3, 46, 1 τὰ ἀ.=‘the good gifts’, specifically ‘products of nature’; likewise 19, 26, 3. Even more generally Synes., Kingship 16 p. 17d τὰ ἀ.=food; Philo, Op. M. 16, Mos. 1, 6) Lk 12:18f.γ. possessions of a higher order (Dio Chrys. 64 [14], 1 ἐλευθερία as μέγιστον τ. ἀγαθῶν; Ael. Aristid. 24, 4 K.=44 p. 825 D.: ὁμόνοια as μέγ. τῶν ἀ.; 45, 18 K.=8 p. 89 D.: τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγ. Diog. L. 6, 4 the priest promises the initiate into the Orphic mysteries πολλὰ ἐν ᾅδου ἀγαθά) Ro 3:8; 10:15 (Is 52:7).—Hb 9:11; 10:1; 2 Cl 6:6; 15:5.② pert. to meeting a high standard of worth and merit, goodⓐ as adj.α. of humans and deities (the primary focus is on usefulness to humans and society in general, so Pind.+, s. AAdkins Merit and Responsibility ’60, 189f) beneficent, of God (Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 26 οἱ θεοί; Zoroaster in Philo Bybl.: 790 Fgm. 4, 52 Jac. [Eus. PE 1, 10, 52] God is ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθώτατος. Sallust. 1 πᾶς θεὸς ἀγαθός; contrast Did., Gen. 109, 3 ὁ διάβολος οὐ φύσει κακός … ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ … ἀγαθὸς γέγονεν.—Cp. IKosPH 92, 6f which calls Nero ἀ. θεός, ἀγαθὸς δαίμων [OGI 666, 3; POxy 1021, 8, both referring to Nero; POxy 1449, 4; s. also JKroll, D. Lehren d. Hermes Trismeg. 1914, 90; Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 189; 191ff] and Sb 349 θεῷ ἀγαθῷ Διὶ Ἡλίῳ; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 47 al.; Celsus 4, 14) Mt 19:17b (in Cleanthes, Stoic. I 127, 3ff [Eus. PE 13, 13, 37], a description of God follows the question τἀγαθὸν ἐρωτᾷς μʼ οἷόν ἐστʼ; cp. Orig., C.Cels. 3, 70, 9; Did., Gen. 98, 28); Mk 10:18b (Unknown Sayings 33–36); Lk 18:19b; Dg 8:8 (on these passages cp. Simonid., Fgm. 4, 6f χαλεπὸν ἐσθλὸν [=ἀγαθός ln. 10] ἔμμεναι; 7 θεὸς ἂν μόνος τοῦτʼ ἔχοι γέρας); μόνος ἀ. ἐστιν ibid.; πατὴρ ἀ. 1 Cl 56:16 (Philo, Op. M. 21 ἀ. εἶναι τὸν πατέρα κ. ποιητήν); ἀ. ἐν τ. ὁρωμένοις good in the visible world 60:1.—Of Christ Mk 10:17, 18a (DomGMurray, Downside Review 103, ’85, 144–46, w. ref. to Pirke Aboth 6, 3); Lk 18:18, 19a (WWagner, ZNW 8, 1907, 143–61; FSpitta, ibid. 9, 1908, 12–20; BWarfield, PTR 12, 1914, 177–228; WCaspari, Christent. u. Wissensch. 8, ’32, 218–31.—Cp. also the saying of Pythagoras in Diog. L., Prooem. 12, who does not wish to be called σοφός because μηδένα εἶναι σοφὸν ἀλλʼ ἢ θεόν); J 7:12.—Of humans, other than Jesus Mt 12:35; Ro 5:7; D 3:8; νομοθέται B 21:4; πονηροί τε καὶ ἀ. good and bad designating a motley crowd Mt 22:10. Same contrast 5:45 (cp. Jos., Ant. 8, 314). βελτίονα ποιεῖν make better 1 Cl 19:1; βελτίω γενέσθαι become better Dg 1; kind, generous (X., Cyr. 3, 3, 4; CIG 37, 49) Mt 20:15 (in Mk 10:17f=Lk 18:18 [s. above] it is understood as kind by JWellhausen, EKlostermann, Billerb., Wagner, Spitta, Dalman [Worte 277], EHirsch [D. Werden des Mk ’41, 246]); δεσπόται benevolent 1 Pt 2:18 (cp. PLips 40 II, 19, where a slave says ὁ ἀγαθὸς δεσπότης μου). δοῦλος (Heraclitus, Ep. 9, 3 [p. 212, 4 Malherbe]) Mt 25:21, 23; Lk 19:17. ἀνήρ (Teles p. 16, 6; Diod S 20, 58, 1; Epict. 3, 24, 51 al.; PLond I, 113/1, 8 p. 201; 2 Macc 15:12; 4 Macc 4:1; Jos., Bell. 5, 413, Ant. 18, 117; JGerlach, ΑΝΗΡ ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, diss. Munich ’32) Lk 23:50; Ac 11:24; νέαι Tit 2:5. ἀπόστολοι superb 1 Cl 5:3.β. of things characterized esp. in terms of social significance and worth, πνεῦμα Lk 11:13 v.l.; ἐντολή Ro 7:12 (Ps.-Archytas [IV B.C.] in Stob., Ecl. 4, 138, IV 85, 17 H. νόμος ἀ. καὶ καλός); ἀγγελία (Pr 25:25) Hv 3, 13, 2; παιδεία Hs 6, 3, 6; μνεία ἀ. kindly remembrance 1 Th 3:6 (2 Macc 7:20 μνήμη ἀ.); ἐλπίς dependable (Pla., Rep. 331a; Chariton 7, 5, 10; Jos., Ant. 14, 96) 2 Th 2:16; μερὶς ἀ. the better part Lk 10:42; πρᾶξις (Democr. 177 πρῆξις; Did., Gen. 69, 7) 1 Cl 30:7; συνείδησις clear Ac 23:1; 1 Ti 1:5, 19; 1 Pt 2:19 v.l.; 3:16, 21; 1 Cl 41:1; διάνοια Hm 5, 2, 7; ἐπιθυμία (Pr 11:23; 13:12) pure (i.e. directed toward pure things) desire m 12, 1, 1f; 2:4f; 3:1; γνώμη ἀ. good intention B 21:2; ἀ. ἐν Χριστῷ ἀναστροφή admirable Christian conduct 1 Pt 3:16; ἀ. θησαυρός Mt 12:35; Lk 6:45; καρδία καλὴ καὶ ἀ. 8:15; ἔργον (Thu. 5, 63, 3; PCairMasp 151, 237) a good deed 2 Cor 9:8; Col 1:10; 1 Ti 5:10; 2 Ti 2:21; 3:17; Tit 1:16; 3:1; 1 Cl 2:7; 33:1; 34:4. Pl. ἔργα ἀ. (Empedocles [V B.C.] 112, 2) 1 Ti 2:10; also specif. of benefactions (w. ἐλεημοσύναι) Ac 9:36; 1 Cl 33:7; ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ κ. λόγῳ ἀ. (for this Hellenic formulation cp. Lk 24:19; Ac 7:22; for the simple λόγος ἀ. s. 3Km 8:56; 4 Km 20:19; Is 39:8) 2 Th 2:17; ὑπομονὴ ἔργου ἀ. persistency in doing right Ro 2:7.ⓑ as subst., sg. (s. 1b). Opp. (τὸ) κακόν Did., Gen. 21, 5; 27, 5.α. that which is beneficial or helpful ἐργάζεσθαι τὸ ἀ. do what is good Ro 2:10; Hm 4, 2, 2; 7:4; also specif. of benefaction Gal 6:10 and of socially acceptable work Eph 4:28; Hm 2:4; τὸ ἀ. ποιεῖν (cp. Jos., Bell. 1, 392) Ro 13:3b; Hm 8:12; cp. 6, 2, 8.—Mt 19:17a; Ro 7:13; 12:9; 16:19; 1 Th 5:15; 1 Pt 3:13; 1 Cl 21:6; 2 Cl 13:1; Hm 8:2, 7.β. τὰ ἀ. (ἀληθινὰ ἀ. Orig., C. Cels 7, 21, 10) good deeds J 5:29; cp. Hm 10, 3, 1 (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 28 [Stone p. 22] ἀγαθά τε καὶ πονηρά).—B. 1176. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
18 Qualitätsabnahmeschein
Qualitätsabnahmeschein
certificate of inspection;
• Qualitätsabstufung (Arbeitswissenschaft) skill ladder;
• Qualitätsabweichung variation in quality;
• Qualitätsanforderungen exacting standards of quality;
• Qualitätsangabe quality mark;
• allen Qualitätsansprüchen genügen to be up to standard in every way;
• den Qualitätsansprüchen nicht genügen to fall short of the mark;
• Qualitätsansprüche stellen to promote high standards;
• Qualitätsarbeit quality labo(u)r;
• hochwertige Qualitätsarbeit superior (first-class) workmanship, work of high quality;
• für Qualitätsarbeit garantieren to guarantee the finest workmanship;
• Qualitätsarbeiter qualified worker, experienced (master) craftsman;
• Qualitätsartikel high-quality products, branded goods;
• Qualitätsauflage quality circulation;
• Qualitätsbenzin high-grade fuel (petrol);
• Qualitätsbescheinigung certificate of quality, kite (Br.);
• Qualitätsbestimmung quality grading;
• Qualitätsbeurteilung quality rating;
• Qualitätsbewertung evaluation of products. -
19 Baxter, George
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 31 July 1804 Lewes, Sussex, Englandd. 11 January 1867 Sydenham, London, England[br]English pioneer in colour printing.[br]The son of a printer, Baxter was apprenticed to a wood engraver and there began his search for improved methods of making coloured prints, hitherto the perquisite of the rich, in order to bring them within reach of a wider public. After marriage to the daughter of Robert Harrild, founder of the printing firm of Harrild \& Co., he set up house in London, where he continued his experiments on colour while maintaining the run-of-the-mill work that kept the family.The nineteenth century saw a tremendous advance in methods of printing pictures, produced as separate prints or as book illustrations. For the first three decades colour was supplied by hand, but from the 1830s attempts were made to print in colour, using a separate plate for each one. Coloured prints were produced by chromolithography and relief printing on a small scale. Prints were first made with the latter method on a commercial scale by Baxter with a process that he patented in 1835. He generally used a key plate that was engraved, aquatinted or lithographed; the colours were then printed separately from wood or metal blocks. Baxter was a skilful printer and his work reached a high standard. An early example is the frontispiece to Robert Mudie's Summer (1837). In 1849 he began licensing his patent to other printers, and after the Great Exhibition of 1851 colour relief printing came into its own. Of the plethora of illustrated literature that appeared then, Baxter's Gems of the Great Exhibition was one of the most widely circulated souvenirs of the event.Baxter remained an active printer through the 1850s, but increasing competition from the German coloured lithographic process undermined his business and in 1860 he gave up the unequal struggle. In May of that year, all his oil pictures, engravings and blocks went up for auction, some 3,000 lots altogether. Baxter retired to Sydenham, then a country place, making occasional visits to London until injuries sustained in a mishap while he was ascending a London omnibus led to his death. Above all, he helped to initiate the change from the black and white world of pre-Victorian literature to the riotously colourful world of today.[br]Further ReadingC.T.Courtney Lewis, 1908, George Baxter, the Picture Printer, London: Sampson Lowe, Marsden (the classic account).M.E.Mitzmann, 1978, George Baxter and the Baxter Prints, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.LRD -
20 Lever, William Hesketh
[br]b. 19 September 1851 Bolton, Lancashire, Englandd. 7 May 1925 Hampstead, London, England[br]English manufacturer of soap.[br]William Hesketh Lever was the son of the retail grocer James Lever, who built up the large wholesale firm of Lever \& Co. in the north-west of England. William entered the firm at the age of 19 as a commercial traveller, and in the course of his work studied the techniques of manufacture and the quality of commercial soaps available at the time. He decided that he would concentrate on the production of a soap that was not evil-smelling, would lather easily and be attractively packaged. In 1884 he produced Sunlight Soap, which became the trade mark for Lever \& Co. He had each tablet wrapped, partly to protect the soap from oxygenization and thus prevent it from becoming rancid, and partly to display his brand name as a form of advertising. In 1885 he raised a large capital sum, purchased the Soap Factory in Warrington of Winser \& Co., and began manufacture. His product contained oils from copra, palm and cotton blended with tallow and resin, and its quality was carefully monitored during production. In a short time it was in great demand and began to replace the previously available alternatives of home-made soap and poor-quality, unpleasant-smelling bars.It soon became necessary to expand the firm's premises, and in 1887 Lever purchased fifty-six acres of land upon which he set up a new centre of manufacture. This was in the Wirral in Cheshire, near the banks of the River Mersey. Production at the new factory, which was called Port Sunlight, began in January 1889. Lever introduced a number of technical improvements in the production process, including the heating systems and the recovery of glycerine (which could later be sold) from the boiling process.Like Sir Titus Salt of Saltaire before him, Lever believed it to be in the interest of the firm to house his workers in a high standard of building and comfort close to the factory.By the early twentieth century he had created Port Sunlight Village, one of the earliest and certainly the most impressive housing estates, for his employees. Architecturally the estate is highly successful, being built from a variety of natural materials and vernacular styles by a number of distinguished architects, so preventing an overall architectural monotony. The comprehensive estate comprises, in addition to the factory and houses, a church, an art gallery, schools, a cottage hospital, library, bank, fire station, post office and shops, as well as an inn and working men's institute, both of which were later additions. In 1894 Lever \& Co. went public and soon was amalgamated with other soap firms. It was at its most successful high point by 1910.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFirst Viscount Leverhulme of the Western Isles.Further Reading1985, Dictionary of Business Biography. Butterworth.Ian Campbell Bradley, 1987, Enlightened Entrepreneurs, London: Weidenfeld \& Nicolson.DY
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